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Living by the sun, losing to the rain: life in Marakkanam’s salt pans in T.N.

Living by the sun, losing to the rain: life in Marakkanam’s salt pans in T.N.

<h2 class&equals;"sub-title" style&equals;"font-family&colon; 'Merriweather'&comma; serif&semi; font-weight&colon; bold&semi;">For salt pan workers&comma; the weather forms the basis of their livelihood&colon; long&comma; hot days take a toll on their body but allow them to earn&comma; while spells of rain offer relief but mean wages are lost&period; Climate change is making their occupation increasingly precarious but help from the government remains limited<&sol;h2>&NewLine;<p><&sol;p>&NewLine;<div id&equals;"content-body-71246865" class&equals;"articlebodycontent col-xl-9 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"schemaDiv" id&equals;"schemaDiv" itemprop&equals;"articleBody">&NewLine;<p>As Tamil Nadu swelters through one of its harshest summers in recent years&comma; many look to the sky hoping for relief in the form of an afternoon shower&period; But in the salt pans of Marakkanam&comma; rain is the one thing workers cannot afford to wish for&period; Every spell of rainfall stalls salt production for days and costs them wages&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>So&comma; even as they endure hours under a relentless sun that reflects off the white salt fields with blinding intensity&comma; they hope for the heat to continue&period; It is a cruel irony that the weather which leaves workers dizzy&comma; dehydrated&comma; and exhausted is also what keeps their livelihoods alive&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>This year&comma; temperatures crossed the 40°C mark across several districts well into June&comma; while high humidity made conditions feel even more oppressive&period; According to the Regional Meteorological Centre &lpar;RMC&rpar;&comma; the State recorded its second-highest average minimum temperature for June since 2015&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Nights remained nearly one degree Celsius warmer than normal&comma; offering little relief to workers after a long day of manual labour&period; The lack of overnight cooling&comma; coupled with prolonged daytime heat&comma; left much of Tamil Nadu reeling under persistent heat stress&period; Even by mid-July&comma; weak southwest monsoon conditions delayed widespread rainfall&comma; extending heatwave-like conditions across many parts of the State&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h4 class&equals;"sub&lowbar;head">Livelihoods from salt <&sol;h4>&NewLine;<p>Salt work is typically available from January to August in Tamil Nadu&period; Women earn between ₹400 and ₹500 a day&comma; while men are paid ₹700 to ₹750&period; Workers usually begin around 6 a&period;m&period; and finish by 10 a&period;m&period;&comma; or until whenever the work is done&comma; and come back around 3 p&period;m&period; when the volume of harvested salt is high&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> Harvested salt is piled into heaps and covered with tarpaulin sheets until traders arrive to purchase it&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q3frdy&sol;article71246808&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;014218362&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>Salt production follows a timed process that depends on dry weather&period; Seawater is channelled into evaporation pans and left to evaporate for several days until salt crystals form&period; The crystallised salt is then raked into piles&comma; left to dry further&comma; scraped into baskets and carried to large heaps&comma; where it is covered with tarpaulin sheets until traders arrive to purchase it&period; Every change in the weather is closely watched&comma; for even a brief drizzle can ruin an entire day’s harvest&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><img src&equals;"data&colon;image&sol;gif&semi;base64&comma;R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP&sol;&sol;&sol;ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw&equals;&equals;" fifu-lazy&equals;"1" fifu-data-sizes&equals;"auto" fifu-data-srcset&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;roix8v&sol;article71246859&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;023527528&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;75&resize&equals;75&ssl&equals;1 75w&comma; 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https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;roix8v&sol;article71246859&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;023527528&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;500&resize&equals;500&ssl&equals;1 500w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;roix8v&sol;article71246859&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;023527528&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;640&resize&equals;640&ssl&equals;1 640w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;roix8v&sol;article71246859&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;023527528&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;800&resize&equals;800&ssl&equals;1 800w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;roix8v&sol;article71246859&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;023527528&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1024&resize&equals;1024&ssl&equals;1 1024w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;roix8v&sol;article71246859&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;023527528&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1280&resize&equals;1280&ssl&equals;1 1280w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;roix8v&sol;article71246859&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;023527528&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1600&resize&equals;1600&ssl&equals;1 1600w" fifu-data-src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;roix8v&sol;article71246859&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;023527528&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" data-original&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;roix8v&sol;article71246859&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;023527528&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" alt&equals;"A woman works in a salt pan in Karipalayam&comma; Marakkanam&comma; on an overcast day&period; Instead of finding relief from the cloud cover&comma; workers hurry to harvest as much salt as possible before an impending drizzle can bring production&comma; and their wages&comma; to a halt&period;" title&equals;"A woman works in a salt pan in Karipalayam&comma; Marakkanam&comma; on an overcast day&period; Instead of finding relief from the cloud cover&comma; workers hurry to harvest as much salt as possible before an impending drizzle can bring production&comma; and their wages&comma; to a halt&period;" class&equals;" lazy" width&equals;"100&percnt;" height&equals;"100&percnt;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> A woman works in a salt pan in Karipalayam&comma; Marakkanam&comma; on an overcast day&period; Instead of finding relief from the cloud cover&comma; workers hurry to harvest as much salt as possible before an impending drizzle can bring production&comma; and their wages&comma; to a halt&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;roix8v&sol;article71246859&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;023527528&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>Navaneetham&comma; 45&comma; points to her legs&comma; where the skin has darkened the skin&comma; after years of working in the salt pans&period; &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;I always have boils on my feet&comma;” she says&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><img src&equals;"data&colon;image&sol;gif&semi;base64&comma;R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP&sol;&sol;&sol;ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw&equals;&equals;" fifu-lazy&equals;"1" fifu-data-sizes&equals;"auto" fifu-data-srcset&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;75&resize&equals;75&ssl&equals;1 75w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;100&resize&equals;100&ssl&equals;1 100w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;150&resize&equals;150&ssl&equals;1 150w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;240&resize&equals;240&ssl&equals;1 240w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;320&resize&equals;320&ssl&equals;1 320w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;500&resize&equals;500&ssl&equals;1 500w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;640&resize&equals;640&ssl&equals;1 640w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;800&resize&equals;800&ssl&equals;1 800w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1024&resize&equals;1024&ssl&equals;1 1024w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1280&resize&equals;1280&ssl&equals;1 1280w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1600&resize&equals;1600&ssl&equals;1 1600w" fifu-data-src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" data-original&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i2&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" alt&equals;"After four hours in the salt pans&comma; Naveneetham shows the boils and blisters on her feet&period; The day’s work is far from over as she still has cooking and household chores waiting at home&period;" title&equals;"After four hours in the salt pans&comma; Naveneetham shows the boils and blisters on her feet&period; The day’s work is far from over as she still has cooking and household chores waiting at home&period;" class&equals;" lazy" width&equals;"100&percnt;" height&equals;"100&percnt;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> After four hours in the salt pans&comma; Naveneetham shows the boils and blisters on her feet&period; The day’s work is far from over as she still has cooking and household chores waiting at home&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;69zexe&sol;article71246813&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030532386&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>She and her husband have taken a salt pan on sub-lease and do all the work themselves because they cannot afford to hire labourers&period; &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;We can’t pay anyone else&comma; so we handle everything&comma;” she says&period; The work is seasonal&comma; which means the family has to manage without an income for nearly six months every year&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><img src&equals;"data&colon;image&sol;gif&semi;base64&comma;R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP&sol;&sol;&sol;ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw&equals;&equals;" fifu-lazy&equals;"1" fifu-data-sizes&equals;"auto" fifu-data-srcset&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;75&resize&equals;75&ssl&equals;1 75w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;100&resize&equals;100&ssl&equals;1 100w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;150&resize&equals;150&ssl&equals;1 150w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;240&resize&equals;240&ssl&equals;1 240w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;320&resize&equals;320&ssl&equals;1 320w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;500&resize&equals;500&ssl&equals;1 500w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;640&resize&equals;640&ssl&equals;1 640w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;800&resize&equals;800&ssl&equals;1 800w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1024&resize&equals;1024&ssl&equals;1 1024w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1280&resize&equals;1280&ssl&equals;1 1280w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1600&resize&equals;1600&ssl&equals;1 1600w" fifu-data-src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" data-original&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" alt&equals;"Naveneetham and her husband&comma; who have leased a small section of the salt pan&comma; return in the afternoon to continue work and check on the salt&period; Unable to afford hired labour&comma; they do all the work themselves&period;" title&equals;"Naveneetham and her husband&comma; who have leased a small section of the salt pan&comma; return in the afternoon to continue work and check on the salt&period; Unable to afford hired labour&comma; they do all the work themselves&period;" class&equals;" lazy" width&equals;"100&percnt;" height&equals;"100&percnt;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> Naveneetham and her husband&comma; who have leased a small section of the salt pan&comma; return in the afternoon to continue work and check on the salt&period; Unable to afford hired labour&comma; they do all the work themselves&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;zbdtg6&sol;article71246811&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;030840383&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>&OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;We somehow survive by borrowing money&period; That’s how we’ve been eating&comma;” she says&period; Their son&comma; who completed a B&period;Com degree&comma; briefly joined them in the salt pans but left for Chennai because he could not bear the heat&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Tamil Nadu provides a ₹5&comma;000 annual monsoon relief assistance to registered salt pan workers to help sustain their families during the rainy months &lpar;October to December&rpar; when production halts&period; The aid is distributed to families registered under the Tamil Nadu Manual Workers Social Security and Welfare Board&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Since the assistance is provided on a per-family basis&comma; only one member of the household is eligible to receive it&period; Although both Navaneetham and her husband are salt pan workers&comma; the family received the State government’s ₹5&comma;000 financial assistance for only one beneficiary&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><img src&equals;"data&colon;image&sol;gif&semi;base64&comma;R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP&sol;&sol;&sol;ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw&equals;&equals;" fifu-lazy&equals;"1" fifu-data-sizes&equals;"auto" fifu-data-srcset&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;75&resize&equals;75&ssl&equals;1 75w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;100&resize&equals;100&ssl&equals;1 100w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;150&resize&equals;150&ssl&equals;1 150w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;240&resize&equals;240&ssl&equals;1 240w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;320&resize&equals;320&ssl&equals;1 320w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;500&resize&equals;500&ssl&equals;1 500w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;640&resize&equals;640&ssl&equals;1 640w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;800&resize&equals;800&ssl&equals;1 800w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1024&resize&equals;1024&ssl&equals;1 1024w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1280&resize&equals;1280&ssl&equals;1 1280w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1600&resize&equals;1600&ssl&equals;1 1600w" fifu-data-src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" data-original&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" alt&equals;"Entire families often work in the salt pans to earn a living&period; Children&comma; too&comma; spend hours under the sun when there is no one to look after them at home&period;" title&equals;"Entire families often work in the salt pans to earn a living&period; Children&comma; too&comma; spend hours under the sun when there is no one to look after them at home&period;" class&equals;" lazy" width&equals;"100&percnt;" height&equals;"100&percnt;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> Entire families often work in the salt pans to earn a living&period; Children&comma; too&comma; spend hours under the sun when there is no one to look after them at home&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;x38tin&sol;article71246842&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;024459330&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>Marakkanam is among Tamil Nadu’s traditional salt-producing regions&comma; alongside major centres such as Thoothukudi&comma; Vedaranyam and Cuddalore&period; However&comma; unlike Thoothukudi&comma; where large&comma; contiguous salt fields enable large-scale production&comma; Marakkanam’s salt pans are relatively smaller and more fragmented&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><img src&equals;"data&colon;image&sol;gif&semi;base64&comma;R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP&sol;&sol;&sol;ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw&equals;&equals;" fifu-lazy&equals;"1" fifu-data-sizes&equals;"auto" fifu-data-srcset&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;75&resize&equals;75&ssl&equals;1 75w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;100&resize&equals;100&ssl&equals;1 100w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;150&resize&equals;150&ssl&equals;1 150w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;240&resize&equals;240&ssl&equals;1 240w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;320&resize&equals;320&ssl&equals;1 320w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;500&resize&equals;500&ssl&equals;1 500w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;640&resize&equals;640&ssl&equals;1 640w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;800&resize&equals;800&ssl&equals;1 800w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1024&resize&equals;1024&ssl&equals;1 1024w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1280&resize&equals;1280&ssl&equals;1 1280w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1600&resize&equals;1600&ssl&equals;1 1600w" fifu-data-src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" data-original&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" alt&equals;"From 6 a&period;m&period; onwards&comma; salt pan workers are constantly on their feet for four to five hours&comma; depending on the amount of salt to be harvested&period; There is no shade to escape the sun except a small makeshift shelter or a few prosopis bushes&period;" title&equals;"From 6 a&period;m&period; onwards&comma; salt pan workers are constantly on their feet for four to five hours&comma; depending on the amount of salt to be harvested&period; There is no shade to escape the sun except a small makeshift shelter or a few prosopis bushes&period;" class&equals;" lazy" width&equals;"100&percnt;" height&equals;"100&percnt;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> From 6 a&period;m&period; onwards&comma; salt pan workers are constantly on their feet for four to five hours&comma; depending on the amount of salt to be harvested&period; There is no shade to escape the sun except a small makeshift shelter or a few prosopis bushes&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;48o7hm&sol;article71246814&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;020803149&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>According to a salt pan manager&comma; Thoothukudi remains the State’s largest salt-producing hub as the economies of scale keep production costs lower&period; &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;The pans there are much larger&comma; so the cost of production is lower&period; The quality is also better&period; Buyers are willing to transport salt over longer distances because the overall cost still works out in their favour&comma;” he says&period; As a result&comma; traders often procure salt from Thoothukudi despite the higher transportation costs&comma; making it a more competitive market compared to Marakkanam&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><img src&equals;"data&colon;image&sol;gif&semi;base64&comma;R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP&sol;&sol;&sol;ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw&equals;&equals;" fifu-lazy&equals;"1" fifu-data-sizes&equals;"auto" fifu-data-srcset&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;75&resize&equals;75&ssl&equals;1 75w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;100&resize&equals;100&ssl&equals;1 100w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;150&resize&equals;150&ssl&equals;1 150w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;240&resize&equals;240&ssl&equals;1 240w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;320&resize&equals;320&ssl&equals;1 320w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;500&resize&equals;500&ssl&equals;1 500w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;640&resize&equals;640&ssl&equals;1 640w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;800&resize&equals;800&ssl&equals;1 800w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1024&resize&equals;1024&ssl&equals;1 1024w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1280&resize&equals;1280&ssl&equals;1 1280w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1600&resize&equals;1600&ssl&equals;1 1600w" fifu-data-src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" data-original&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" alt&equals;"Each basket of harvested salt weighs around 25 kg&period; Workers balance them on their heads and make repeated trips across the salt pans to build the salt heaps&period;" title&equals;"Each basket of harvested salt weighs around 25 kg&period; Workers balance them on their heads and make repeated trips across the salt pans to build the salt heaps&period;" class&equals;" lazy" width&equals;"100&percnt;" height&equals;"100&percnt;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> Each basket of harvested salt weighs around 25 kg&period; Workers balance them on their heads and make repeated trips across the salt pans to build the salt heaps&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;vgm190&sol;article71246821&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022412978&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<h4 class&equals;"sub&lowbar;head">Climate change effects<&sol;h4>&NewLine;<p>The monsoon has always marked the end of the salt-making season&comma; but&comma; Sarasu&comma; 50&comma; a resident of Villivakkam in Marakkanam&comma; says unseasonal summer showers are now eating into what was once a dependable period of work&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>&OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;It is becoming more and more precarious&period; Earlier&comma; we could count on earning through most of the summer&period; Now&comma; unseasonal rains cut the season short&comma; and we somehow manage&period; The monsoon months are the hardest&comma;” she said&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>To get by&comma; her family borrows small sums from neighbours&comma; self-help groups and moneylenders&comma; like most salt pan workers&period; With agricultural work becoming increasingly scarce during the off-season&comma; her husband takes up whatever manual work he can find&comma; often loading and unloading sacks for daily wages&period; But the earnings are irregular&comma; and the loans accumulate&period; &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;We are trapped in a recurring cycle of debt&period; Because of this&comma; I could not even get my children educated&period; They are doing odd jobs for survival now&comma;” she says&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<h4 class&equals;"sub&lowbar;head">Burden on the body<&sol;h4>&NewLine;<p>As Selvalakshmi&comma; 45&comma; steps out of the salt pan after nearly four hours of work&comma; she reaches for her neck&period; &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;&&num;8230&semi; my neck hurts&comma;” she exclaims with a weary smile&period; But there is no time to rest&period; She has to leave for her second job&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Widowed after her husband died of kidney disease&comma; Selvalakshmi works two jobs to make ends meet&period; Once she finishes harvesting salt&comma; she heads to a nearby cashew processing unit&comma; where she removes the husk from cashew kernels&period; The work is paid on a piece-rate basis — ₹35 a kilogram&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><img src&equals;"data&colon;image&sol;gif&semi;base64&comma;R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP&sol;&sol;&sol;ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw&equals;&equals;" fifu-lazy&equals;"1" fifu-data-sizes&equals;"auto" fifu-data-srcset&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;75&resize&equals;75&ssl&equals;1 75w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;100&resize&equals;100&ssl&equals;1 100w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;150&resize&equals;150&ssl&equals;1 150w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;240&resize&equals;240&ssl&equals;1 240w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;320&resize&equals;320&ssl&equals;1 320w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;500&resize&equals;500&ssl&equals;1 500w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;640&resize&equals;640&ssl&equals;1 640w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;800&resize&equals;800&ssl&equals;1 800w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1024&resize&equals;1024&ssl&equals;1 1024w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1280&resize&equals;1280&ssl&equals;1 1280w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1600&resize&equals;1600&ssl&equals;1 1600w" fifu-data-src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" data-original&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" alt&equals;"Selvalakshmi leaves the salt pan for her second job&period; With no family support&comma; she works multiple jobs to provide for her child&period;" title&equals;"Selvalakshmi leaves the salt pan for her second job&period; With no family support&comma; she works multiple jobs to provide for her child&period;" class&equals;" lazy" width&equals;"100&percnt;" height&equals;"100&percnt;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> Selvalakshmi leaves the salt pan for her second job&period; With no family support&comma; she works multiple jobs to provide for her child&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;q2efck&sol;article71246823&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;032637539&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>&OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;Yesterday&comma; I managed to finish only five kilograms&comma;” she says&period; &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;It’s difficult because I go there after finishing work here&period; By then&comma; I’m already exhausted&period;”<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Her husband&comma; who had also worked in the salt pans&comma; struggled with kidney disease before his death&period; In <a rel&equals;"nofollow" target&equals;"&lowbar;blank" href&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;sciencedirect&period;com&sol;science&sol;article&sol;pii&sol;S2468024923012664" target&equals;"&lowbar;self">a 2023 study<&sol;a> of seven Indian salt pans&comma; published in <i>Kidney International Reports&comma;<&sol;i> researchers from the Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research&comma; led by Vidhya Venugopal&comma; found that 87&percnt; of workers were exposed to unsafe levels of heat stress&comma; while most consumed only about one litre of water during a workday&period; Many showed signs of dehydration and heat strain&comma; and workers exposed to excessive heat were nearly three times more likely to have reduced kidney function&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><img src&equals;"data&colon;image&sol;gif&semi;base64&comma;R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP&sol;&sol;&sol;ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw&equals;&equals;" fifu-lazy&equals;"1" fifu-data-sizes&equals;"auto" fifu-data-srcset&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;75&resize&equals;75&ssl&equals;1 75w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;100&resize&equals;100&ssl&equals;1 100w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;150&resize&equals;150&ssl&equals;1 150w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;240&resize&equals;240&ssl&equals;1 240w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;320&resize&equals;320&ssl&equals;1 320w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;500&resize&equals;500&ssl&equals;1 500w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;640&resize&equals;640&ssl&equals;1 640w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;800&resize&equals;800&ssl&equals;1 800w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1024&resize&equals;1024&ssl&equals;1 1024w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1280&resize&equals;1280&ssl&equals;1 1280w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1600&resize&equals;1600&ssl&equals;1 1600w" fifu-data-src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" data-original&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i1&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" alt&equals;"Workers carry a few bottles of water from home and share them among themselves&period; On extremely hot days&comma; the water is often over by 9 a&period;m&period;&comma; even though work continues for another two hours&comma; followed by the commute home&period;" title&equals;"Workers carry a few bottles of water from home and share them among themselves&period; On extremely hot days&comma; the water is often over by 9 a&period;m&period;&comma; even though work continues for another two hours&comma; followed by the commute home&period;" class&equals;" lazy" width&equals;"100&percnt;" height&equals;"100&percnt;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> Workers carry a few bottles of water from home and share them among themselves&period; On extremely hot days&comma; the water is often over by 9 a&period;m&period;&comma; even though work continues for another two hours&comma; followed by the commute home&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;70ssj7&sol;article71246850&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;022245980&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>More recently&comma; <a rel&equals;"nofollow" target&equals;"&lowbar;blank" href&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;nature&period;com&sol;articles&sol;s41598-026-41807-6" target&equals;"&lowbar;self">a 2026 study<&sol;a> by Prof&period; Venugopal published in <i>Scientific Reports<&sol;i> surveyed 1&comma;560 outdoor workers across 11 districts in Tamil Nadu&comma; including those employed in salt pans&period; The researchers found that workers exposed to higher levels of heat stress were 1&period;4 times more likely to report reduced productivity during summer&comma; while their risk of heat-related illnesses — including dehydration&comma; muscle cramps&comma; headaches&comma; nausea and fatigue — was more than twice as high&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><img src&equals;"data&colon;image&sol;gif&semi;base64&comma;R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP&sol;&sol;&sol;ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw&equals;&equals;" fifu-lazy&equals;"1" fifu-data-sizes&equals;"auto" fifu-data-srcset&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;75&resize&equals;75&ssl&equals;1 75w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;100&resize&equals;100&ssl&equals;1 100w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;150&resize&equals;150&ssl&equals;1 150w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;240&resize&equals;240&ssl&equals;1 240w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;320&resize&equals;320&ssl&equals;1 320w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;500&resize&equals;500&ssl&equals;1 500w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;640&resize&equals;640&ssl&equals;1 640w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;800&resize&equals;800&ssl&equals;1 800w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1024&resize&equals;1024&ssl&equals;1 1024w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1280&resize&equals;1280&ssl&equals;1 1280w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1600&resize&equals;1600&ssl&equals;1 1600w" fifu-data-src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" data-original&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" alt&equals;"A worker rests briefly after finishing her shift while her husband completes his work&period; There is no shade in this salt pan except for a few scattered prosopis bushes&period;" title&equals;"A worker rests briefly after finishing her shift while her husband completes his work&period; There is no shade in this salt pan except for a few scattered prosopis bushes&period;" class&equals;" lazy" width&equals;"100&percnt;" height&equals;"100&percnt;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> A worker rests briefly after finishing her shift while her husband completes his work&period; There is no shade in this salt pan except for a few scattered prosopis bushes&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;u607qp&sol;article71246851&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;025942929&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<h4 class&equals;"sub&lowbar;head">An uncertain future <&sol;h4>&NewLine;<p>For Sudha&comma; 35&comma; the workday does not end when she steps out of the salt pan&period; It is only then that another concern begins&colon; finding drinking water&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>A resident of Pallampakkam village&comma; she says there is no water because seawater intrusion has left the groundwater saline and unfit for drinking&period; &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;We’ve submitted petitions and even staged demonstrations&comma; but we still don’t have drinking water&comma;” she says&period; Residents depend largely on the neighbouring village for potable water&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Like most women working in the salt pans&comma; Sudha starts her day with only tea and biscuits before heading to work&period; Aches have become part of the job&period; &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;Every part of the body hurts&period; It’s always there&comma;” she says&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>After work&comma; some workers try to fill their bottles at a petrol bunk on the way home&period; But the shared autorickshaw that ferries them six to seven kilometres from their villages charges extra if it has to make the detour&period; Most instead rely on drinking water stored in cans at the salt pans by the lessee who manages the worksite&comma; carrying home whatever they can&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><img src&equals;"data&colon;image&sol;gif&semi;base64&comma;R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP&sol;&sol;&sol;ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw&equals;&equals;" fifu-lazy&equals;"1" fifu-data-sizes&equals;"auto" fifu-data-srcset&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;75&resize&equals;75&ssl&equals;1 75w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;100&resize&equals;100&ssl&equals;1 100w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;150&resize&equals;150&ssl&equals;1 150w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;240&resize&equals;240&ssl&equals;1 240w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;320&resize&equals;320&ssl&equals;1 320w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;500&resize&equals;500&ssl&equals;1 500w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;640&resize&equals;640&ssl&equals;1 640w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;800&resize&equals;800&ssl&equals;1 800w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1024&resize&equals;1024&ssl&equals;1 1024w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1280&resize&equals;1280&ssl&equals;1 1280w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1600&resize&equals;1600&ssl&equals;1 1600w" fifu-data-src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" data-original&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" alt&equals;"Leaseholders&comma; who often work alongside labourers&comma; keep a small can of drinking water at the salt pan&period; After work&comma; Sudha fills her bottle with the remaining water&comma; as her village has no source of drinking water due to saline intrusion&period;" title&equals;"Leaseholders&comma; who often work alongside labourers&comma; keep a small can of drinking water at the salt pan&period; After work&comma; Sudha fills her bottle with the remaining water&comma; as her village has no source of drinking water due to saline intrusion&period;" class&equals;" lazy" width&equals;"100&percnt;" height&equals;"100&percnt;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> Leaseholders&comma; who often work alongside labourers&comma; keep a small can of drinking water at the salt pan&period; After work&comma; Sudha fills her bottle with the remaining water&comma; as her village has no source of drinking water due to saline intrusion&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;6xoxtn&sol;article71246828&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040501079&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>In 2025&comma; frequent summer showers brought the salt-making season to an abrupt end by June&comma; nearly two months earlier than usual&period; Every rainy day means another day without work&comma; which forces many families to borrow money to meet daily expenses&period; Workers say the State’s one-time financial assistance of ₹5&comma;000 is nowhere near enough to sustain them through months without income&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Salt pan workers are among the communities most vulnerable to a changing climate&period; Their livelihoods depend on long spells of hot&comma; dry weather for salt to crystallise&comma; yet a single untimely shower can halt production for days&period; As rainfall patterns become increasingly erratic and extreme weather events more frequent&comma; the financial precarity of salt pan workers is only expected to deepen&comma; researchers say&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><img src&equals;"data&colon;image&sol;gif&semi;base64&comma;R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP&sol;&sol;&sol;ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw&equals;&equals;" fifu-lazy&equals;"1" fifu-data-sizes&equals;"auto" fifu-data-srcset&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;75&resize&equals;75&ssl&equals;1 75w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;100&resize&equals;100&ssl&equals;1 100w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;150&resize&equals;150&ssl&equals;1 150w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;240&resize&equals;240&ssl&equals;1 240w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;320&resize&equals;320&ssl&equals;1 320w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;500&resize&equals;500&ssl&equals;1 500w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;640&resize&equals;640&ssl&equals;1 640w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;800&resize&equals;800&ssl&equals;1 800w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1024&resize&equals;1024&ssl&equals;1 1024w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1280&resize&equals;1280&ssl&equals;1 1280w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1600&resize&equals;1600&ssl&equals;1 1600w" fifu-data-src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" data-original&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i3&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" alt&equals;"Salt pan workers navigate an occupation that is as physically demanding as it is climate-dependent&period; Both their health and livelihoods are tied to the weather&period;" title&equals;"Salt pan workers navigate an occupation that is as physically demanding as it is climate-dependent&period; Both their health and livelihoods are tied to the weather&period;" class&equals;" lazy" width&equals;"100&percnt;" height&equals;"100&percnt;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> Salt pan workers navigate an occupation that is as physically demanding as it is climate-dependent&period; Both their health and livelihoods are tied to the weather&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;4mbo7d&sol;article71246829&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;040703598&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>With few factories in and around Marakkanam&comma; some women turn to agricultural labour during the off-season&period; But even that is uncertain&period; As Marakkanam is a town panchayat&comma; they are ineligible for work under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme &lpar;MGNREGS&rpar;&comma; leaving them with few safety nets when the weather cuts short the salt season&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>M&period; Krishnamoorthy&comma; State vice president of the Unorganised Workers Federation&comma; said the monsoon relief assistance should not be treated as charity and that the ₹5&comma;000 support is inadequate to sustain workers through the off-season&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>&OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;Salt is fundamental to everyday life&period; It is in every meal we eat and is used across industries&period; The workers who produce it deserve far better compensation&comma;” he said&comma; adding that the board should be made operational by levying a cess on salt traders to generate funds for the welfare of salt workers&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"article-picture ">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"picture zoom-img "><img src&equals;"data&colon;image&sol;gif&semi;base64&comma;R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP&sol;&sol;&sol;ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw&equals;&equals;" fifu-lazy&equals;"1" fifu-data-sizes&equals;"auto" fifu-data-srcset&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;75&resize&equals;75&ssl&equals;1 75w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;100&resize&equals;100&ssl&equals;1 100w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;150&resize&equals;150&ssl&equals;1 150w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;240&resize&equals;240&ssl&equals;1 240w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;320&resize&equals;320&ssl&equals;1 320w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;500&resize&equals;500&ssl&equals;1 500w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;640&resize&equals;640&ssl&equals;1 640w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;800&resize&equals;800&ssl&equals;1 800w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1024&resize&equals;1024&ssl&equals;1 1024w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1280&resize&equals;1280&ssl&equals;1 1280w&comma; https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1&w&equals;1600&resize&equals;1600&ssl&equals;1 1600w" fifu-data-src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" data-original&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;i0&period;wp&period;com&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg&quest;ssl&equals;1" alt&equals;"Despite carrying out nearly the same tasks as men&comma; women in the salt pans earn substantially lower wages&period; Many also shoulder unpaid care and household work after returning home&comma; compounding the physical toll of long hours under the sun&period;" title&equals;"Despite carrying out nearly the same tasks as men&comma; women in the salt pans earn substantially lower wages&period; Many also shoulder unpaid care and household work after returning home&comma; compounding the physical toll of long hours under the sun&period;" class&equals;" lazy" width&equals;"100&percnt;" height&equals;"100&percnt;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p class&equals;"caption">&NewLine;<p> Despite carrying out nearly the same tasks as men&comma; women in the salt pans earn substantially lower wages&period; Many also shoulder unpaid care and household work after returning home&comma; compounding the physical toll of long hours under the sun&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine; &vert; Photo Credit&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine; Geetha Srimathi&NewLine; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><span itemtype&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;schema&period;org&sol;ImageObject" itemscope&equals;"itemscope" itemprop&equals;"image"><&sol;span><meta itemprop&equals;"url" content&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;th-i&period;thgim&period;com&sol;public&sol;incoming&sol;1t8xss&sol;article71246830&period;ece&sol;alternates&sol;FREE&lowbar;1200&sol;PXL&lowbar;20260718&lowbar;034742840&period;jpg"><meta content&equals;"1200" itemprop&equals;"width"><meta content&equals;"675" itemprop&equals;"height"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p>He further said that although the State had announced a dedicated welfare board for salt workers&comma; it had failed to address the challenges faced by the community&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>An official in the Labour Department said the Tamil Nadu Salt Workers Welfare Board&comma; announced in 2023&comma; remains largely non-functional as the department is working out how it can be operationalised under the new labour codes&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>&lpar;<i>This story is part of the Asian College of Journalism’s Climate Change Media Hub Mentorship Programme&period;<&sol;i>&rpar; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"articleblock-container" id&equals;"arthardpv"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"update-publish-time article-published-time-end"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"comments-shares share-page flex print-hide" data-artid&equals;"71246865" data-title&equals;"Living by the sun&comma; losing to the rain&colon; life in Marakkanam’s salt pans in T&period;N&period;" data-url&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;thehindu&period;com&sol;news&sol;national&sol;tamil-nadu&sol;living-by-the-sun-losing-to-the-rain-life-in-marakkanams-salt-pans-in-tn&sol;article71246865&period;ece">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"left">&NewLine;<div class&equals;"share">&NewLine;<ul class&equals;"share-list bottom" style&equals;"display&colon; 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none&semi;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;<p><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">var totalPcount &equals; document&period;querySelectorAll&lpar;"&period;articlebodycontent>&period;schemaDiv>p"&rpar;&NewLine;if&lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 1&rpar;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;1&rsqb;&comma;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma;""&comma;"artmeterpv"&rpar;&rpar;&NewLine;else&NewLine; insertElementbegin&lpar;document&period;querySelector&lpar;"&period;articlebodycontent &period;schemaDiv"&rpar;&comma;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma;""&comma;"artmeterpv"&rpar;&rpar;&NewLine;<&sol;script><&sol;p>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"d-none d-lg-block d-xl-block"><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">&NewLine; totalPcount &equals; totalPcount &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar;&rpar; var container &equals; document&period;createElement&lpar;"div"&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; container&period;className &equals; "article-ad"&semi;container&period;appendChild&lpar;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma; "dfp-ad articleinlinead middleonead"&comma; "Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid01"&comma; minHeight&colon; '90px'&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;1 - 1&rsqb;&comma; container&rpar;&NewLine; <&sol;script><&excl;-- Begin DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid01&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><&sol;p>&NewLine;<div id&equals;"Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid01" class&equals;"dfp-ad articleinlinead middleonead" data-devicetype&equals;"large" style&equals;" minHeight&colon; &OpenCurlyQuote;90px’" data-unit&equals;"&sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid01" data-size&equals;"&lbrack;728&comma; 90&rsqb;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p><script data-cfasync&equals;"false"> userIdentify&period;then&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; if&lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar; && isNonSubcribedUser&lpar;&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; googletag&period;display&lpar;'Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid01'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;<&sol;script><&excl;-- End DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid01&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">&NewLine; totalPcount &equals; totalPcount &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar;&rpar; var container &equals; document&period;createElement&lpar;"div"&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; container&period;className &equals; "article-ad"&semi;container&period;appendChild&lpar;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma; "dfp-ad articleinlinead"&comma; "Desktop&lowbar;Inarticle&lowbar;1x1"&comma; minHeight&colon; '250px'&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;3 - 1&rsqb;&comma; container&rpar;&NewLine; <&sol;script><&excl;-- Begin DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;Hindu&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;Inarticle&lowbar;1x1&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><&sol;p>&NewLine;<div id&equals;"Desktop&lowbar;Inarticle&lowbar;1x1" class&equals;"dfp-ad articleinlinead" data-devicetype&equals;"large" style&equals;" minHeight&colon; &OpenCurlyQuote;250px’" data-unit&equals;"&sol;22390678&sol;Hindu&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;Inarticle&lowbar;1x1" data-size&equals;"&lbrack;1&comma; 1&rsqb;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p><script data-cfasync&equals;"false"> userIdentify&period;then&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; if&lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar; && isNonSubcribedUser&lpar;&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; googletag&period;display&lpar;'Desktop&lowbar;Inarticle&lowbar;1x1'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;<&sol;script><&excl;-- End DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;Hindu&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;Inarticle&lowbar;1x1&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">&NewLine; totalPcount &equals; totalPcount &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar; && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;6&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;5 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; var container &equals; document&period;createElement&lpar;"div"&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; container&period;className &equals; "article-ad"&semi;container&period;appendChild&lpar;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma; "dfp-ad articleinlinead"&comma; "Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid02"&comma; minHeight&colon; '90px'&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;6 - 1&rsqb;&comma; container&rpar;&NewLine; <&sol;script><&excl;-- Begin DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid02&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;6&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;5 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &NewLine; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid02'&comma; &lbrack;728&comma; 90&rsqb;&comma; 'Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid02'&rpar;&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; userIdentify&period;then&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar; && isNonSubcribedUser&lpar;&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;6&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;5 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; googletag&period;display&lpar;'Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid02'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;<&sol;script><&excl;-- End DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid02&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">&NewLine; totalPcount &equals; totalPcount &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar; && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;9&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;8 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; var container &equals; document&period;createElement&lpar;"div"&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; container&period;className &equals; "article-ad"&semi;container&period;appendChild&lpar;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma; "dfp-ad articleinlinead"&comma; "Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid03"&comma; minHeight&colon; '90px'&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;9 - 1&rsqb;&comma; container&rpar;&NewLine; <&sol;script><&excl;-- Begin DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid03&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;9&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;8 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &NewLine; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid03'&comma; &lbrack;728&comma; 90&rsqb;&comma; 'Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid03'&rpar;&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; userIdentify&period;then&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar; && isNonSubcribedUser&lpar;&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;9&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;8 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; googletag&period;display&lpar;'Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid03'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;<&sol;script><&excl;-- End DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid03&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">&NewLine; totalPcount &equals; totalPcount &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar; && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;12&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;11 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; var container &equals; document&period;createElement&lpar;"div"&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; container&period;className &equals; "article-ad"&semi;container&period;appendChild&lpar;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma; "dfp-ad articleinlinead"&comma; "Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid04"&comma; minHeight&colon; '90px'&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;12 - 1&rsqb;&comma; container&rpar;&NewLine; <&sol;script><&excl;-- Begin DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid04&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;12&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;11 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &NewLine; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid04'&comma; &lbrack;728&comma; 90&rsqb;&comma; 'Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid04'&rpar;&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; userIdentify&period;then&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar; && isNonSubcribedUser&lpar;&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;12&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;11 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; googletag&period;display&lpar;'Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid04'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;<&sol;script><&excl;-- End DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid04&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">&NewLine; totalPcount &equals; totalPcount &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar; && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;15&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;14 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; var container &equals; document&period;createElement&lpar;"div"&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; container&period;className &equals; "article-ad"&semi;container&period;appendChild&lpar;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma; "dfp-ad articleinlinead"&comma; "Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid05"&comma; minHeight&colon; '90px'&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;15 - 1&rsqb;&comma; container&rpar;&NewLine; <&sol;script><&excl;-- Begin DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid05&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;15&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;14 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &NewLine; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid05'&comma; &lbrack;728&comma; 90&rsqb;&comma; 'Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid05'&rpar;&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; userIdentify&period;then&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"large"&rpar; && isNonSubcribedUser&lpar;&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;15&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;14 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; googletag&period;display&lpar;'Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid05'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;<&sol;script><&excl;-- End DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Desktop&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Mid05&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><&sol;div>&NewLine;<div class&equals;"d-block d-sm-none "><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">&NewLine; totalPcount &equals; totalPcount &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar;&rpar; var container &equals; document&period;createElement&lpar;"div"&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; container&period;className &equals; "article-ad"&semi;container&period;appendChild&lpar;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma; "dfp-ad articleinlinead"&comma; "MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle01"&comma; minHeight&colon; '330px'&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;1 - 1&rsqb;&comma; container&rpar;&NewLine; <&sol;script><&excl;-- Begin DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle01&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><&sol;p>&NewLine;<div id&equals;"MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle01" class&equals;"dfp-ad articleinlinead" data-devicetype&equals;"small" style&equals;" minHeight&colon; &OpenCurlyQuote;330px’" data-unit&equals;"&sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle01" data-size&equals;"&lbrack;&lbrack;300&comma;250&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;336&comma;280&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;200&comma;200&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;250&comma;250&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;300&comma;300&rsqb;&rsqb;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p><script data-cfasync&equals;"false"> userIdentify&period;then&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; if&lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar; && isNonSubcribedUser&lpar;&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; googletag&period;display&lpar;'MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle01'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;<&sol;script><&excl;-- End DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle01&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">&NewLine; totalPcount &equals; totalPcount &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar;&rpar; var container &equals; document&period;createElement&lpar;"div"&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; container&period;className &equals; "article-ad"&semi;container&period;appendChild&lpar;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma; "dfp-ad "&comma; "Mweb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Bottom01"&comma; minHeight&colon; '330px'&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;3 - 1&rsqb;&comma; container&rpar;&NewLine; <&sol;script><&excl;-- Begin DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Mweb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Bottom01&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><&sol;p>&NewLine;<div id&equals;"Mweb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Bottom01" class&equals;"dfp-ad " data-devicetype&equals;"small" style&equals;" minHeight&colon; &OpenCurlyQuote;330px’" data-unit&equals;"&sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Mweb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Bottom01" data-size&equals;"&lbrack;&lbrack;300&comma;250&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;336&comma;280&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;200&comma;200&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;250&comma;250&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;300&comma;300&rsqb;&rsqb;"><&sol;div>&NewLine;<p><script data-cfasync&equals;"false"> userIdentify&period;then&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; if&lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar; && isNonSubcribedUser&lpar;&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; googletag&period;display&lpar;'Mweb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Bottom01'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;<&sol;script><&excl;-- End DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;Mweb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Bottom01&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">&NewLine; totalPcount &equals; totalPcount &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar; && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;6&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;5 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; var container &equals; document&period;createElement&lpar;"div"&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; container&period;className &equals; "article-ad"&semi;container&period;appendChild&lpar;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma; "dfp-ad articleinlinead"&comma; "MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle02"&comma; minHeight&colon; '330px'&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;6 - 1&rsqb;&comma; container&rpar;&NewLine; <&sol;script><&excl;-- Begin DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle02&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;6&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;5 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &NewLine; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle02'&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;300&comma;250&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;336&comma;280&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;200&comma;200&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;250&comma;250&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;300&comma;300&rsqb;&rsqb;&comma; 'MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle02'&rpar;&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; userIdentify&period;then&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar; && isNonSubcribedUser&lpar;&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;6&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;5 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; googletag&period;display&lpar;'MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle02'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;<&sol;script><&excl;-- End DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle02&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">&NewLine; totalPcount &equals; totalPcount &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar; && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;9&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;8 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; var container &equals; document&period;createElement&lpar;"div"&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; container&period;className &equals; "article-ad"&semi;container&period;appendChild&lpar;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma; "dfp-ad articleinlinead"&comma; "MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle03"&comma; minHeight&colon; '330px'&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;9 - 1&rsqb;&comma; container&rpar;&NewLine; <&sol;script><&excl;-- Begin DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle03&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;9&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;8 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &NewLine; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle03'&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;300&comma;250&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;336&comma;280&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;200&comma;200&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;250&comma;250&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;300&comma;300&rsqb;&rsqb;&comma; 'MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle03'&rpar;&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; userIdentify&period;then&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar; && isNonSubcribedUser&lpar;&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;9&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;8 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; googletag&period;display&lpar;'MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle03'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;<&sol;script><&excl;-- End DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle03&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">&NewLine; totalPcount &equals; totalPcount &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar; && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;12&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;11 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; var container &equals; document&period;createElement&lpar;"div"&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; container&period;className &equals; "article-ad"&semi;container&period;appendChild&lpar;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma; "dfp-ad articleinlinead"&comma; "MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle04"&comma; minHeight&colon; '330px'&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;12 - 1&rsqb;&comma; container&rpar;&NewLine; <&sol;script><&excl;-- Begin DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle04&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;12&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;11 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &NewLine; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle04'&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;300&comma;250&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;336&comma;280&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;200&comma;200&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;250&comma;250&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;300&comma;300&rsqb;&rsqb;&comma; 'MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle04'&rpar;&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; userIdentify&period;then&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar; && isNonSubcribedUser&lpar;&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;12&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;11 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; googletag&period;display&lpar;'MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle04'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;<&sol;script><&excl;-- End DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle04&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">&NewLine; totalPcount &equals; totalPcount &vert;&vert; &lbrack;&rsqb;&semi;if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar; && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;15&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;14 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; var container &equals; document&period;createElement&lpar;"div"&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; container&period;className &equals; "article-ad"&semi;container&period;appendChild&lpar;createElementScript&lpar;"div"&comma; "dfp-ad articleinlinead"&comma; "MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle05"&comma; minHeight&colon; '330px'&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; insertElementEnd&lpar;totalPcount&lbrack;15 - 1&rsqb;&comma; container&rpar;&NewLine; <&sol;script><&excl;-- Begin DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle05&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><script data-cfasync&equals;"false">if &lpar;totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;15&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;14 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; &NewLine; googletag&period;defineSlot&lpar;'&sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle05'&comma; &lbrack;&lbrack;300&comma;250&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;336&comma;280&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;200&comma;200&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;250&comma;250&rsqb;&comma;&lbrack;300&comma;300&rsqb;&rsqb;&comma; 'MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle05'&rpar;&period;addService&lpar;googletag&period;pubads&lpar;&rpar;&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; userIdentify&period;then&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; if &lpar;isDeviceEnabled&lpar;"small"&rpar; && isNonSubcribedUser&lpar;&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length > 0 && Number&period;isInteger&lpar;15&rpar; && totalPcount&period;length >&equals; &lpar;14 &plus; 3&rpar;&rpar; googletag&period;cmd&period;push&lpar;function&lpar;&rpar; googletag&period;display&lpar;'MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle05'&rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;&NewLine; &rpar;&semi;<&sol;script><&excl;-- End DFP &colon; &sol;22390678&sol;TH&lowbar;MWeb&lowbar;AT&lowbar;Middle05&comma; publisher&colon; The Hindu --><&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;<p><script async src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;platform&period;twitter&period;com&sol;widgets&period;js" charset&equals;"utf-8"><&sol;script><&sol;p>&NewLine;

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