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<p><span class="drop-caps">I</span>à¨à©±à¨¨ 1986, ਦà©à¨¨à©à¨ ਤਬਾਹ੠ਦ੠à¨à¨°à¨¸à¨£ à¨à¨°à©à¨à©à¨¬à¨² ਪà©à¨°à¨®à¨¾à¨£à© ਦà©à¨°à¨à¨à¨¨à¨¾ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਹਿੱਲ à¨à¨ ਸà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨ੠ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©±à¨ ਵੱਡ੠ਸà¨à©à¨à¨¸à© ਰà©à¨¡à©à¨à¨à¨à¨¿à¨µ ਸਮੱà¨à¨°à© ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¾à¨°à© à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ ਠਤ੠ਦਸ਼ਦਮਾਠਤà©à¨ à¨à¨¼à¨®à©à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾. à¨à¨ªà¨¾à¨¨ ਵਿਠਫà©à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨®à¨¾ ਪà©à¨°à¨®à¨¾à¨£à© ਤਬਾਹ੠ਨà©à©° 2011 ਵਿਠਦà©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¤ à¨à¨²à¨à¨¦à© ਸਨ, ਸੰà¨à¨£à© à¨à¨¬à¨¾à¨¦à© ਵਾਲ੠à¨à©à¨¤à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਵਿਠਪà©à¨°à¨®à¨¾à¨£à© ਸ਼à¨à¨¤à© ਦ੠à¨à¨¼à¨¤à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ. à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨ੠à¨à©±à¨à© à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨à¨¼ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨§à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਤà©à¨à¨¼à© ਨਾਲ ਰà©à¨à¨¾à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਮਨà©à©±à¨à© à¨à©à¨µà¨¨ ਠਤ੠ਲੰਬ੠ਸਮà©à¨ ਦ੠ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣਠਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਲਠà¨à¨¿à©°à¨¨à© ਤà©à¨à¨¼à© ਨਾਲ ਦਿੱਤ੠ਨਤà©à¨à© ਨà©à©° ਵਧਾ ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ.</p>
<p>à¨à¨ ਹà©à¨° ਤਬਾਹ੠2020 ਦਾ à¨à¨à¨à¨µà¨¿à¨¡ ਹ੠à¨à© à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨²à©à¨¬à¨² ਲà©à¨à¨¡à¨¾à¨à¨¨, à¨à¨®à¨à¨¼à©à¨° à¨à©à¨ ਰ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à©à¨à¨ ਠਤ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¨ ਪਾà¨à¨£ ਵਾਲà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¾à¨²à© à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. ਸਰà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਬਾਵà¨à©à¨¦, ਯਤਨਾਠਦ੠ਬਾਵà¨à©à¨¦, ਵਿਸ਼ਵਵਿà¨à¨ªà© à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਦਾ collapse ਹਿ à¨à¨¾à¨£ ਤà©à¨ ਬਾਠਦ ਠਤ੠ਲੱà¨à¨¾à¨ ਲà©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨ªà¨£à© à¨à¨¼à¨¿à©°à¨¦à¨à© à¨à©à¨ ਦਿੱਤà©. ਮਹਾà¨à¨®à¨¾à¨°à© ਨ੠à¨à¨ªà¨¸à© ਦà©à¨¨à©à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਡà©à©°à¨à©à¨à¨ à¨à¨®à¨à¨¼à©à¨°à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨° à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਤà©à¨ ਬਾਠਦ ਸà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨à¨à©à¨à¨ ਰਾਹà©à¨ ਲਹਿਰਾਠਹਨ. ਵਿੱਤ੠ਠਸਥਿਰਤਾ ਮà©à¨à©à¨¦à¨¾ ਠਸਮਾਨਤਾਵਾਠਨà©à©° ਡà©à©°à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©, à¨à¨¹ ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨§à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨ ਸੰà¨à¨ à¨à¨²à©à¨¬à¨² à¨à¨¿à©°à¨¦à¨à© ਦ੠structures ਾà¨à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਬਣਾਠà¨à¨ à¨à¨¤à¨°à© ਨà©à©° ਵਧਾ ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ.</p>
<p>à¨à© ਤà©à¨¸à©à¨ à¨à¨¦à© ਸà©à¨à¨¿à¨ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ ਠà¨à¨¿à¨¹à©à¨à¨ ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¨à¨ à¨à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¾à¨¬à© à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦਾ à¨à©à¨ ਸਾਫ ਤਰà©à¨à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨਹà©à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ªà¨¦à¨¾? ਤà¨à¨¨à©à¨à© ਤਰੱà¨à© ਦ੠ਵਾਠਦ੠ਦ੠ਬਾਵà¨à©à¨¦, ਠਸà©à¨ à¨à¨ªà¨£à© à¨à¨ª ਨà©à©° à¨à¨ªà¨£à© à¨à¨ª ਨà©à©° ਨਵà©à¨, ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¨à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਨਿਰੰਤਰ ਸਾਹਮਣਾ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਵà©à¨à¨¦à© ਹਾà¨? à¨à¨¹ ਸਹ੠ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à©à¨à¨® ਦਾ à¨à©à¨à¨® ਸਮਾਠਦ੠ਧਾਰਣਾ ਹà©.
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<p>ਬਿਠà©à¨ ਦਾ à¨à©°à¨® à¨à¨§à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਦ੠ਤਿੰਨ ਵਿਸ਼à©à¨¸à¨¼ ਯà©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਯਾਦ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠&#8211; ਸà©à©°à¨¦à¨°-à¨à¨¦à¨¯à©à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸਮਾਠà¨à¨¾à¨ ਰਵਾà¨à¨¤à© ਸਮਾà¨; à¨à¨¦à¨¯à©à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸਮਾà¨; ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨® ਸਮਾà¨. à¨à¨¦à¨¯à©à¨à¨¿à¨ ਯà©à©±à¨ ਵਿਠਸਮਾਠਨà©à©° à¨à¨ ਸਥਿਰ, à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਦ੠ਵਿਸ਼à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¤à¨¾ ਸà©, à¨à¨¿à©±à¨¥à© à¨à¨¿ à¨à©à¨à¨® ਵੱਡ੠ਪੱਧਰ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à©à¨¦à¨°à¨¤à© ਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਸਨ, à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਠà¨à¨¾à¨² ਠਤ੠ਮਹਾà¨à¨®à¨¾à¨°à©. ਸਮਾà¨à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à© ਠਤ੠ਰਵਾà¨à¨¤à© à¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਠਧਾਰ ਤ੠ਠà¨à¨¿à¨¹à©à¨à¨ ਸà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨à¨à©à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©à¨à¨® ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨ ਸਨ. </p>
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<p>ਬਿਠà©à¨ à¨à©à¨¦à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à©à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਬਣਾà¨. à¨à©à¨¦à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à©à¨à¨®, à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨² ਠਤ੠ਮਲà©à¨°à©à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਬਿਮਾਰà©à¨à¨, ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¨à¨ ਠਤ੠ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਸਥਾਨà¨à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ. ਦà©à¨à© ਪਾਸà©, ਮਨà©à©±à¨à© à¨à¨¤à©à¨µà¨¿à¨§à©à¨à¨, à¨à¨¾à¨¸ à¨à¨°à¨à© ਤà¨à¨¨à©à¨à© ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¦à¨¯à©à¨à¨¿à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸ ਤà©à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨® ਪà©à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਪà©à¨°à¨®à¨¾à¨£à© ਹਾਦਸà©, ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣਿਠà¨à¨¿à¨°à¨¾à¨µà¨ ਠਤ੠ਮਹਾà¨à¨®à¨¾à¨°à© ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ. ਨਿਰਮਿਤ à¨à©à¨à¨® ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° à¨à¨²à©à¨¬à¨² ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹਨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨® ਤà©à¨° ਤ੠à¨à¨µà¨¿à©±à¨à¨¬à¨¾à¨£à© à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾, ਨਿਯੰਤਰਣ à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨£à¨¾ ਵਧà©à¨°à© ਮà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨à¨² ਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹਨ.</p>
<p>à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਵਿਠਠੰਤਰ ਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨¨ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ ਹਿਸਾਬ ਨਾਲ à¨à¨²à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨§à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨ ਸਮਾਠਨà©à©° à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨®à¨à¨¼à©à¨° ਹ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à© à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠ਤਰੱà¨à© ਦਾ à¨à¨¤à¨ªà¨¾à¨¦ ਹà©. à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¹à¨°à¨£ ਦ੠ਲà¨, à¨à©à¨µà¨¿à¨ à¨à©°à¨§à¨¨ &#8216;ਤ੠ਬਹà©à¨¤ à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਨਿਰà¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾ ਨ੠ਮà©à¨¸à¨® ਦ੠ਤਬਦà©à¨²à© ਨà©à©° ਸੰà¨à¨¾à¨²à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ ਹà©, ਨਤà©à¨à© ਵà¨à©à¨ ਬਹà©à¨¤ à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਮà©à¨¸à¨® ਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨, ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨° ਦ੠ਪੱਧਰਾਠਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¨ ਦ੠ਠਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਦ੠ਨਤà©à¨à© ਵà¨à©à¨. ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ à¨à©à¨à¨® à¨à¨²à©à¨¬à¨² ਹਨ, à¨à¨¹à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨°à©à¨¬ ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾, à¨à© à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¤à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਲਠਵ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਲà©à¨¸ ਹਨ.</p>
<h4 class="sub_head">ਲਿੰਠਮਾਪ</h4>
<p>ਸਮਾਠਵਿੱਠà¨à©±à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨®, à¨à©à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨¨ ਨà©à¨¤à© ਠਤ੠ਰà©à¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨¨à¨¾ à¨à©à¨µà¨¨ ਦà©à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਲਠà¨à©à¨à¨¦à¨°à© ਹà©, ਪਰ ਬà©à¨ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਵੰਡਿਠਨਹà©à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾. ਲਿੰਠਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨਿਰਧਾਰਤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਿਠਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨£ à¨à©à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¾ ਠਦਾ à¨à¨°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨà©à©° ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣਠà¨à¨«à¨¼à¨¤à¨¾à¨, ਸਿਹਤ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨®à¨à¨¼à©à¨°à©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਹà©à¨° ਵ੠ਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨£ ਸਿੱà¨à© ਦਿੰਦ੠ਹà©. Women ਰਤਾਠà¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨¸à¨à¨° ਬਣਦà©à¨à¨ ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਵਿà¨, ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਮ੠primary ਲ੠ਸਾਵਧਾਨ੠ਠਤ੠à¨à¨°à©à¨²à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à¨¿à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠à¨à©à¨à¨® ਦ੠à¨à¨®à©à¨à© ਦ੠ਸਠਤà©à¨ ਠੱà¨à© ਰੱà¨à¨¿à¨. à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ à¨à©°à¨®, à¨à¨¾à¨¹à© à¨à¨¹ ਠਦਾà¨à¨à© à¨à¨°à©à¨²à© ਮà¨à¨¼à¨¦à©à¨° à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨° ਰਸਮ੠à¨à©à¨¤à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਹà©, ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਠਣà¨à¨¾à¨£ ਬਣ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, ਤਾਠà¨à¨¹à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨®à¨à¨¼à©à¨°à© ਨà©à©° ਹà©à¨° ਮà¨à¨¼à¨¬à©à¨¤ ​​à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸à¨ ਤà©à¨° &#8216;ਤ੠ਵਧà©à¨°à© ਠਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਤ ਸਿਹਤ ਸà©à¨µà¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠ਸਿਹਤ ਸà©à¨µà¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਸ਼à¨à¨¤à© ਠਤ੠ਠਸਮਾਨ ਪਹà©à©°à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨® ਨà©à©° ਵਧਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ.</p>
<p>Women ਰਤਾਠਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਦ੠à¨à¨¤à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨਾਲ à¨à©à©à© ਸਿਹਤ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à© ਵਧà©à¨°à© ਸੰਵà©à¨¦à¨¨à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨² ਹà©à©°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ, à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਪਾਣ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£, ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¤ ਹਵਾ ਠਤ੠ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣਠਠਸੰਤà©à¨²à¨¨. à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¹à¨°à¨£ ਦ੠ਲà¨, ਦà©à¨¨à©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਸਾਰ੠ਹਿੱਸਿà¨à¨ ਵਿੱà¨, ਰਤਾਠà¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਲਠਪਾਣ੠à¨à¨à©±à¨ ਾ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਮà©à©±à¨ ਤà©à¨° ਤ੠à¨à¨¼à¨¿à©°à¨®à©à¨µà¨¾à¨° ਹà©à©°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ. à¨à© à¨à¨¹ ਪਾਣ੠ਦ੠ਸਰà©à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, ਤਾਠਸਿਹਤ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨® ਸਿੱਧ੠ਤà©à¨° &#8216;ਤ੠ਫà©à¨²à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ. à¨à¨¸à© ਤਰà©à¨¹à¨¾à¨, à¨à©±à¨-ਲਿੰਠਸà©à¨à¨¿à©°à¨à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱà¨, Women ਰਤਾਠਲੱà¨à© à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨²à© ਵਰà¨à© ਠà©à¨¸ à¨à©°à¨¡à©à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਵਰਤà©à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨ ਪà¨à¨¾ ਸà¨à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ, à¨à© ਹਵਾ ਵਿੱਠਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨à¨¦à©à¨¹ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©±à¨¡ ਦਿੰਦà©à¨à¨ ਹਨ, ਸਾਹ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਬਿਮਾਰà©à¨à¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ ਬਣਦà©à¨à¨ ਹਨ.</p>
<p>à¨à©à¨¦à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à©à¨à¨® ਦਾ ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਠਤਿ ਮà©à¨¸à¨® ਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨, ਮਿੱà¨à© ਦ੠ਡਿੱà¨à¨£ ਠਤ੠ਪਾਣ੠ਦ੠à¨à¨®à© women ਰਤਾਠਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨£ ਪà©à¨£ ਠਤ੠ਪਾਣ੠ਦ੠ਪਹà©à©°à¨ ਨà©à©° ਵ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©, à¨à© ਬਦਲ੠ਵਿਠà¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਸਿਹਤ ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©. ਲਿੰਠਮਾਪਦੰਡ ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° women ਰਤਾਠਵਿੱਠਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹਨ à¨à© à¨à¨ªà¨£à© ਮਰਦ ਹਮਰà©à¨¤à¨¬à¨¾ ਨਾਲà©à¨ à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ. ਰਾਸ਼à¨à¨°à© ਪਰਿਵਾਰਠਸਿਹਤ ਸਰਵà©à¨à¨£ ਠਨà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨°, ਠਨà©à¨®à©à¨ 25% ਮਰਦਾਠਦ੠ਮà©à¨à¨¾à¨¬à¨²à© ਠਨà©à¨®à©à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਵਿੱਠ57% women ਰਤਾਠਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. ਸਿਹਤ ਦ੠ਨਤà©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਵਿਠà¨à¨¹ ਠਸਮਾਨਤਾ ਠਸਮਾਨ ਬà©à¨ ਨà©à©° ਨà¨à¨¿à©±à¨ ਦਾ ਹà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨਾਲ women ਰਤਾਠਨà©à©° ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਦ੠à¨à¨¤à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨ªà¨£à© ਸਿਹਤ ਤà©à¨ ਪà©à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¨£ ਵਾਲ੠à¨à©à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲà©à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਸਾਹਮਣਾ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ ਪà©à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©.
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<h4 class="sub_head">Women ਰਤਾਠਠਤ੠à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨ ਠਸਮਾਨਤਾ</h4>
<p>Women ਰਤਾਠਦ੠à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨ ਸਥਿਤ੠ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° à¨à©à¨à¨® ਸਮਾਠਦ੠ਨਤà©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਲਠà¨à¨¸ ਦ੠à¨à¨®à¨à¨¼à©à¨°à© ਵਧਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©. ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਸਾਰà©à¨à¨ ਸà¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱà¨, ਰਤਾਠਨ੠ਵਿੱਤ੠ਸਰà©à¨¤à¨¾à¨, à¨à©à¨®à© ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¦ ਤੱਠਸà©à¨®à¨¤ ਪਹà©à©°à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à© ਹà©, à¨à© ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨«à¨¼à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਦà©à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਯà©à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਨà©à©° ਸà©à¨®à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ. à¨à¨¦à©à¨ ਮà©à¨¸à¨® ਦ੠ਤਬਦà©à¨²à© ਫਸਲਾਠਦ੠ਠਸਫਲਤਾ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਬਹà©à¨¤ à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਮà©à¨¸à¨® ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ ਬਣਦ੠ਹà©, ਪà©à¨à¨¡à© à¨à©à¨¤à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠwomen ਰਤਾਠਠà¨à¨¸à¨° à¨à©à¨à¨¨ ਦ੠ਠਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¨ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ. à¨à¨¸ ਤà©à¨ à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨µà¨¾, women ਰਤਾਠਦà©à¨à¨à¨¾à¨² ਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨, à¨à¨¾à¨¹à© ਬੱà¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਦà©à¨à¨à¨¾à¨², à¨à¨²à¨¡à¨°à¨à©à¨ ਰ, à¨à¨¾à¨ ਸਿਹਤ ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਮà©à¨²à¨¾à¨à¨à¨£ ਠਤ੠ਠਸਮਰੱਥ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਲਿੰਠਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨¼à¨¿à©°à¨®à©à¨µà¨¾à¨°à©à¨à¨ ਦਾ ਠਰਥ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à©à¨à¨® ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨ ਠਤ੠ਸਰà©à¨°à¨ ਬà©à¨ ਨà©à©° ਸਹਿਣਸ਼à©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à©±à¨¥à©à¨ ਤੱਠà¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਠਸਮਾਨ ਵੰਡ ਦਾ ਸਾਹਮਣਾ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ ਪà©à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à© à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨²à© properate ੰਠਨਾਲ ਸਾਹਮਣਾ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦà©à¨µà©à¨à¨¾.
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<p>ਦà©à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨ੠ਨਿਰਮਿਤ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨¦à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à©à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ à¨à¨à¨¾à¨° ਦ੠ਦà©à¨¨à©à¨à¨ ਵਿà¨, ਬਿਠà©à¨ ਦਾ à¨à©à¨à¨® ਸਮਾਠਦ੠ਸੰà¨à¨²à¨ª ਨà©à©° ਸੰਬà©à¨§à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨¬à¨¿à©°à¨¬ ਠਤ੠ਠਨà©à¨à©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾ ਨà©à©° ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. ਧਾਰਣਾ ਵ੠à¨à©à¨à¨® ਦ੠ਲਿੰਠਮਾਪ ਨà©à©° ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©, à¨à¨¸ à¨à©±à¨² ਤ੠ਧਿà¨à¨¨ à¨à©à¨à¨¦à©à¨°à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ women ਰਤਾਠà¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨£à©à¨¤à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਵਿੱਠਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨£ à¨à©à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¾ ਠਦਾ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ.</p>
<p><i>ਰà©à¨¬à©à¨à¨¾ à¨à©à¨²à¨¾à¨¬ ਵਰà¨à©à¨¸ à¨à¨ ਸà©à¨¤à©°à¨¤à¨° ਪੱਤਰà¨à¨¾à¨° ਹà©.</i></p>
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<div class="comments-shares share-page flex print-hide" data-artid="69501238" data-title="Role in a risk society: how women bear a disproportionate burden " data-url="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/role-in-a-risk-society-how-women-bear-a-disproportionate-burden/article69501238.ece">
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ਸਮਾਜ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਜੋਖਮ ਦੀ ਭੂਮਿਕਾ: women ਰਤਾਂ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਇੱਕ ਅਸੰਗਤ ਬੋਝ ਪ੍ਰੀਮੀਅਮ ਨੂੰ ਸਹਿਣ ਕਰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ

