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<p>ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨²à© female ਰਤ à¨à¨à¨à¨¾à¨¨ ਰਾà¨à¨¼à©à¨¨à©à¨ ਸà©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾à¨¨, à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¨à© à¨à©±à¨ ਵਾਰ ਦਿੱਲ੠ਨà©à©° ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਸ਼ਾਸਤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾, ਨਵà©à¨ à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨¸ 8 ਨà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨² à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨² à¨à¨«à¨¼ ਮà©à¨à¨² ਯà©à©±à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਨà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨² à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨² à¨à¨«à¨¼ à¨à¨à©à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ à¨à¨«à¨¼ ਸਾà¨à¨à¨à© (à¨à¨¨à¨¸à©à¨à¨°à¨à©) ਸà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨² ਸਾà¨à©°à¨¸ ਦ੠ਪਾਠਪà©à¨¸à¨¤à¨ (NCERT) ਤà©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨°à©.</p>
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<p>ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨£à© ਪਾਠਪà©à¨¸à¨¤à¨ ਵਿà¨, ਦ੠ਠਧਿà¨à¨ &#8211; à¨à¨ ਮà©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾à¨¨ ਠਤ੠ਮà©à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à¨ ਮà©à¨à© ਠਤ੠ਦà©à¨à© à¨à¨¿à¨¤à¨¾à¨¬à¨¾à¨ ਵਿਠਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©. <i>ਸਾਡਾ ਪਿà¨à¨²à© &#8211; II. </i> à¨à¨¸ ਦਾ à¨à¨ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਸà¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾à¨¨, ਸà©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨à¨²à¨à©à¨¤à¨®à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼ ਦ੠ਧ੠ਨà©à©° ਸਮਰਪਿਤ ਸà©. ਨਵà©à¨ à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨¸ 8 ਪਾਠ-ਪà©à¨¸à¨¤à¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨à© ਠਧਿà¨à¨ à¨à¨¸ ਦਾ à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨° à¨à©±à¨¡à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨£à© ਪਾਠਪà©à¨¸à¨¤à¨ ਵਿà¨, ਰਾà¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨ 1236 ਵਿਠਸ਼ਾਸਠ(ਸà©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾à¨¨) ਬਣ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਠਤ੠1240 ਤਠà¨à¨ªà¨£à¨¾ ਨਿਯਮ à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਰੱà¨à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨ªà¨£à© ਸਾਰ੠à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨਾਲà©à¨ &#8220;ਸਮਰਥ&#8221; ਠਤ੠&#8220;ਯà©à¨&#8221; ਵà¨à©à¨ ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©. à¨à¨¿à¨¤à¨¾à¨¬ ਨ੠à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨° à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ ਰਾà¨à¨¼à©à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨ ਨ੠à¨à©±à¨à©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦à© à¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ ਦ੠ਰਾਣ੠ਦ੠à¨à¨²à¨, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨ੠ਸ਼ਿਲਾà¨à¨ªà¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਤ੠à¨à¨ªà¨£à¨¾ ਨਾਮ ਬਦਲਿਠਠਤ੠à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨¦à¨®à© ਬਣਨ ਦਾ ਦਿà¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾. </p>
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<p>									ਨਵà©à¨ NCERT ਪਾਠਪà©à¨¸à¨¤à¨ ਵਿਠਮà©à¨à¨² ਸ਼ਾਸà¨à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨ &#8216;à¨à¨à¨¿à¨²à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨&#8217; ਹਨ, ਠà¨à¨¬à¨° ਦ੠ਰਾਠਦ੠ਤà©à¨° ਤ੠ਠà¨à¨¬à¨° ਦ੠ਰਾਠਦ੠ਤà©à¨° ਤ੠&#8216;ਬà©à¨°à¨¹à¨¿à¨®à© ਠਤ੠ਸਹਿਣਸ਼à©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾&#8217; ਦ੠ਰà©à¨ª ਵਿੱਠਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ</p></div>
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<p>ਨਵà©à¨ à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨¸ 8 ਪਾਠਪà©à¨¸à¨¤à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਿਠਦਿੱਲ੠ਸà©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾à¨¨à©à¨ ਠਤ੠ਠਧਿà¨à¨ 2 ਦ੠ਸਹà©à¨²à¨¤ ਹ੠&#8211; <i>à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਰਾà¨à¨¨à©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਨà¨à¨¸à¨¼à© ਨà©à©° ਮà©à© à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨ ਰਹ੠ਹਨ</i> à¨à¨¸ ਸਮà©à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨ rep ਰਤ ਸ਼ਾਸਠà¨à¨¾à¨ ਮਹਾਰਾਣ੠ਦਾ à¨à©à¨ à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨° ਨਹà©à¨. à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¹à¨°à¨£ ਦ੠ਲà¨, à¨à¨¹ ਸਮਰਾਠà¨à¨¹à¨¾à¨à¨à©à¨° ਦ੠ਪਤਨ੠ਨà©à¨° à¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨° ਵ੠à¨à©±à¨¡à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨£à© ਪਾਠ-ਪà©à¨¸à¨¤à¨ ਵਿਠà¨à©±à¨à©à¨° ਦ੠ਦਰਬਾਰ &#8220;ਦਾ à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨° ਵ੠à¨à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©. ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨£à© ਪਾਠਪà©à¨¸à¨¤à¨ à¨à¨¹ ਵ੠à¨à¨¹à¨¿à©°à¨¦à© ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਦ੠ਸਿੱà¨à© &#8220;ਰਾਣ੠ਬà©à¨à©à© ਬà©à¨à¨® à¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨¨ ਦ੠ਨਾਮ ਤ੠ਮਾਰ੠à¨à¨&#8221; ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਨਾਮ ਤ੠ਸà©à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਰਿਹਾ à¨à¨° ਦਿੱਤਾ à¨à¨¿à¨. à¨à¨¿à¨¤à¨¾à¨¬ ਵਿਠà¨à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ ਸà©à¨²à¨¾à¨ &#8216;ਤ੠ਦੱਸ੠ਸੰਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਸ਼ਹਿਨਰ à¨à¨¹à¨¾à¨à¨à©à¨° ਨà©à©° ਬਰਾਬਰ ਦਾ ਦਰà¨à¨¾ ਦਿੱਤਾ. </p>
<p>à¨à©à¨à¨¦à¨°à© à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠à¨à¨ ਨਵà©à¨ ਪਾਠਾਠਵਿà¨à©à¨ à¨à¨ ਨਵà©à¨ ਪਾਠ-ਪà©à¨¸à¨¤à¨ ਵਿਠਮà©à¨à© ਵਿਠਪਹਿਲ੠ਰਾਠਵਿਠਰਾਠਦ੠ਰਾਣ੠ਰਾਣ੠ਦà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨¤à© ਦ੠ਸੰਦਰਠਵਿਠà¨à©°à¨¦à¨à© ਦਾ ਨਵà©à¨¨à©à¨à¨°à¨¨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਹà©. ਨਵà©à¨ ਪਾਠਦਾ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨° à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ &#8220;à¨à¨ªà¨£à© ਸਿਪਾਹà©à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠ਧà©à¨°à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਲà©à¨¦à© ਹà©&#8221; ਠà¨à¨¬à¨° ਦ੠ਯਤਨਾਠਦ੠ਮà©à¨à¨¾à¨¬à¨²à© 1564 ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨ªà¨£à¨¾ ਰਾਠ&#8216;ਤ੠ਹਮਲਾ à¨à¨° ਦਿੰਦ੠ਹà©.</p>
<p>ਨਵà©à¨ ਪਾਠਪà©à¨¸à¨¤à¨ ਦ੠ਤà©à¨à© ਠਧਿà¨à¨ ਵਿà¨, <i>ਮਰਾਠਿà¨à¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°,</i> &#8220;ਪà©à¨¸à¨¾ ਮà¨à¨°à¨¥ ਮਾਹà©à¨²à¨¾&#8221; ਨà©à©° &#8220;ਮਾà¨à¨ ਮਾਰਥਾ ਮਹਿਲਾ&#8221; ਨà©à©° &#8220;ਨਿਡਰ ਸ਼à©à¨°à¨°à©à¨ ਨ&#8221; ਦੱਸਿਠà¨à¨¿à¨ ਹà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨ੠ਸਮਰਾਠAurang ਰੰà¨à¨à¨¼à©à¨¬ ਦ੠ਵਿਸਥਾਰ ਯਤਨਾਠਦਾ ਵਿਰà©à¨§ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾. à¨à¨¸à¨¨à©à©° à¨à©±à¨¤à¨° &#8216;ਤ੠&#8220;ਮਰਾਥਾਪਤà©&#8221; à¨à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à©à¨à¨ &#8220;à¨à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਹà©. ਠਹà©à¨²à©à¨¬à© ਹà©à¨²à¨à¨° ਦਾ à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨° à¨à©±à¨¤à¨°à© à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਮਰਾਠਾ ਦ੠ਵਿਸਥਾਰ ਵਿੱਠਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨¨ &#8220;ਦੱਸਿਠà¨à¨¿à¨ ਹà©. </p>
<p>ਮਿਸ਼à©à¨² ਡà©à¨¨à¨¿à¨¨à©, ਨà©à¨ ਸà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨² ਸਾà¨à©°à¨¸à¨à¨¼ ਸਮà©à¨¹ ਲਠਸਮਾਠਸ਼ਾਸਤ ਸਮà©à¨¹ ਲਠਸਮਾਠਸ਼ਾਸਤ ਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨à©à¨à¨¼ ਦ੠ਠà¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾ <i>ਹਿੰਦ੠</i>ਠਬਾਦ੠ਦ੠ਬà©à¨à¨® ਹà¨à¨¼à©à¨° ਮਹਿਲ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਠਧਿà¨à¨ 4 ਵਿਠਸ਼ਾਮਲ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸ੠<i>à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦਾ ਬਸਤà©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦à© ਯà©à©±à¨.</i> à¨à¨¸ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨ &#8220;ਹà©à¨¨à©&#8221; ਦੱਸਿਠà¨à¨¿à¨ ਹà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਿਠ&#8220;1857 ਬà¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¤ ਦ੠ਦà©à¨°à¨¾à¨¨ ਬਾà¨à¨¼à©à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿à¨.&#8221; </p>
<p>ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿, ਠਸà©à¨ ਠà¨à¨¿à¨¹à© ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨²à© female ਰਤ à¨à¨à¨à¨¾à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਸ਼ਾਮਲ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨¹à©à©°à¨¦à© ਹਾà¨. </p>
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<p>									ਨਵà©à¨ NCERT ਪਾਠਪà©à¨¸à¨¤à¨ ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ &#8216;ਬਸਤà©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦à© ਸ਼à¨à¨¤à©à¨à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਦà©à¨²à¨¤ à¨à©à¨°à© à¨à¨°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ&#8217;</p></div>
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<h4 class="sub_head">ਵੱਡਾ ਹà¨à¨¾à¨à¨£à¨¾</h4>
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ਰਜ਼ੀਆ ਸੁਲਤਾਨ, ਨੂਰ ਜੋਹਾਨ ਨੇ ਨਵੀਂ ਕਲਾਸ 8 ਨਸੀਰਟ ਹਿਸਟਰੀ ਪਾਠਬੁੱਕ ਤੋਂ ਫਾਲ ਰਿਹਾ
