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<p>ਸਿਰਲà©à¨ ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਵਾਲ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਠਸਲ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਸà©à¨à¨¿à©°à¨à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਸà¨à©à¨² ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਰਣਨà©à¨¤à© ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਵਿੱਠਠਸਫਲ ਰਿਹਾ, ਸਿਰਲà©à¨ ਦ੠ਠਨà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨° <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08502-w"><i>ਬੱà¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨£à¨¿à¨¤ ਦ੠ਹà©à¨¨à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਲਾà¨à© ਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹਨ ਠਤ੠ਵਿਦਿਠਠà¨à¨£à¨¿à¨¤ ਦ੠ਵਿà¨à¨à¨¾à¨° ਨਹà©à¨ ਹਿਲਾà¨à¨à¨¦à©</i></a>à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨² ਵਿੱਠਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¤ <i>à¨à©à¨¦à¨°à¨¤ </i>ਬà©à©±à¨§à¨µà¨¾à¨° ਨà©à©° (5 ਫਰਵਰà©, 2025). à¨à¨¹ ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਨà©à¨¬à¨² ਪà©à¨°à¨¸à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨¤à© ਰਾà¨à¨à©à¨ ਠਬਾà¨à©à¨¤ ਬà©à¨¨à¨°à¨à© ਠਤ੠ਠਸਤਰ ਡਫਲਾਠਦ੠ਠà¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਵਾਲ੠à¨à©à¨à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨® ਨ੠à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ ਸà©.</p>
<p>ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਤਿੰਨ ਸਬ-ਪà©à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਵੰਡਿਠà¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠ1,436 à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਬੱà¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਦਿੱਲ੠ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨²à¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨¾ ਦ੠ਨà©à©à¨²à© ਸà¨à©à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¦à© à¨à¨®à¨° 13 ਦ੠ਵਿà¨à¨à¨¾à¨° ਸ੠ਠਤ੠15 ਸਾਲ.</p>
<p>ਨਾਲ à¨à©±à¨² à¨à¨°à© <i>ਹਿੰਦà©</i> ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਦ੠ਸੰਬੰਧ ਵਿੱà¨, ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨®à¨¤à© ਡਫ੠ਨ੠à¨à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਪਹà©à©°à¨à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨ à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦà©à¨°à© ਦà©à¨°à¨¾à¨¨, à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© ਵà©à¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਮà¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਬੱà¨à© à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨à© ਨਾਲ ਮਾà¨à¨¡à©à¨à¨ ਵà©à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©à¨, ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਪà©à¨¤à¨¾à¨² à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦਾ ਫà©à¨¸à¨²à¨¾ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾, ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© à¨à¨¾à¨à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦਾ ਫà©à¨¸à¨²à¨¾ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨, ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦਾ ਫà©à¨¸à¨²à¨¾ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾. ਸ਼ਹਿਰ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤à© ਹਵਾਲà©, ਹਿਸਾਬ ਦ੠ਹà©à¨¨à¨° à¨à© ਬਾà¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਵਰਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ ਸà¨à©à¨² ਵਿੱਠਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©.</p>
<p>ਪਹਿਲ੠ਸਬ-ਸà¨à©±à¨¡à© ਵਿà¨, 2010 ਸਬà¨à¨¼à©à¨à¨ ਵà©à¨ ਰਹ੠ਬੱà¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਠਸਧਾਰਨ ਮਾਤਰਾ ਵਿਠ800 ਰà©à¨ªà¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à¨¿à¨²à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨® ਦ੠ਠਸਧਾਰਨ ਤà©à¨° ਤ੠à¨à¨°à©à¨¦à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©, ਠਤ੠15 ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à¨¿à¨²à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨® ਤ੠1.4 à¨à¨¿à¨²à© ਪਿà¨à¨à¨¼. à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨ 200 ਰà©à¨ªà¨ ਦ੠200 ਰà©à¨ªà¨à¨ ਨà©à¨ ਨà©à©° ਸà©à¨à¨ªà¨¦à¨¾ ਸà©. à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© à¨à¨¬à¨¸à¨à©à¨°à©à¨à¨ à¨à¨£à¨¿à¨¤ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਠà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਪà©à¨°à¨¾ ਸਮà©à¨¹ ਵ੠ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾, à¨à© à¨à¨¿ 95% 97% ਠਤ੠98% ਪà©à¨¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¼ ਦ੠à¨à¨¼à¨°à©à¨°à¨¤ ਤà©à¨ ਬਿਨਾਠਸਹ੠à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨¬ ਦà©à¨£ ਦ੠ਯà©à¨ ਸਨ. à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਬੱà¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¾à¨²à¨ªà¨¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à©°à¨® ਦ੠ਲà©à¨£-ਦà©à¨£ ਵ੠à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨ ਸਨ ਮਾਰà¨à©à¨-ਠਧਾਰਤ ਦà©à¨°à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਠਧਾਰ ਤ੠ਮਾਰà¨à©à¨-ਠਧਾਰਤ ਦà©à¨°à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਠਧਾਰ ਤà©, à¨à©à¨®à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨ ਠਤ੠52% à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਹੱਲ à¨à©à¨²à¨à©à¨²à©à¨à¨°, à¨à¨²à¨® à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¼ ਦ੠ਸਹਾà¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਤà©à¨ ਬਿਨਾਠà¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਹੱਲ ਤà©à¨ ਬਿਨਾਠà¨à¨¸ à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਹੱਲ à¨à©à¨¤à©&#8230;</p>
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<p>à¨à©à¨à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾ 39 ਬਾà¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠ400 à¨à©°à¨® à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲ੠ਬੱà¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਦà©à¨à© à¨à¨ª-ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠਮਿਲ੠ਸਨ à¨à© à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨²à¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨¾ ਦ੠ਹਮਰà©à¨¤à¨¬à¨¾ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à¨¹à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠ਤਿੰਨ ਸà©à¨²à¨¾à¨à¨² ਮਾਰà¨à©à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਸਮੱਸਿà¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¤à¨¾à¨¨ ਯà©à¨ ਰà¨à¨® ਦ੠à¨à¨£à¨¨à¨¾ ਸਫਲਤਾਪà©à¨°à¨µà¨, ਸਹ੠ਤਰà©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à©. ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿, ਲਿà¨à¨¤à© à¨à¨¸à¨° à¨à©à¨¸à¨ &#8216;ਤ੠ਸਿਰਫ 15% ਨà©à©° ਵੰਡਿਠà¨à¨¾ ਸà¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©.</p>
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