<h2 class="sub-title" style="font-family: 'Merriweather', serif; font-weight: bold;">à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਨà©à¨¤à© ਵਿੱਠਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸ ਹà©à¨à¨ ਹà©, à¨à© à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨à©à¨²à¨¿à¨ ਸੰਦਰਠਨਾਲ à¨à©à©à© ਹà©à¨ ਹਨ, à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ &#8216;ਦ ਰà©à¨à¨²à©à¨ ਹà©à¨à¨¡à¨¬à©à©±à¨ à¨à¨«à¨¼ ਮà©à¨°à©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨® à¨à©°à¨¡à©à¨&#8217; ਵਿੱਠਵਰਣਨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¿à¨¤à¨¾à¨¬à¨à¨¾ ਹਿੰਦ ਮਹਾਸਾà¨à¨° ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਠਮà©à¨° ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸ ਠਤ੠ਰਣਨà©à¨¤à¨ ਸਬੰਧਾਠਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤</h2>
<p></p>
<div id="content-body-70497701" class="articlebodycontent col-xl-9 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12">
<div class="schemaDiv" id="schemaDiv" itemprop="articleBody">
<p><span class="drop-caps">à¨à¨¾à¨¹</span>à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à¨ª ਮਹਾà¨à¨¦à©à¨ª ਦà©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਸਠਤà©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨®à©à©±à¨ à¨à©à¨à©à¨²à¨¿à¨ ਵਿਸ਼à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¦à¨° ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਹà©, ਹਿਮਾਲਿਠਠਤ੠ਹਿੰਦ ਮਹਾਸਾà¨à¨° ਹਨ। à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠ਨਾ ਸਿਰਫ਼ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨à©à¨²à¨¿à¨ ਸà©à¨®à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਪਰਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ ਸà¨à©à¨ à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸, ਸੱà¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨¾à¨° ਠਤ੠ਸà¨à¨¿à¨ ਤਾ ਨà©à©° ਵ੠ਰà©à¨ª ਦਿੱਤਾ। à¨à¨¦à©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਵਿਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à© ਸਾਮਰਾਠਸਥਾਪਤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠà¨à©±à¨¤à¨° ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¼à¨®à©à¨¨à© ਰਸਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ à¨à¨ &#8211; à¨à©à¨ ਮਹਾਨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨ à¨à©°à¨¨à© ਮਹਾਨ ਨਹà©à¨ &#8211; ਵਿੰਧਿਠਦ੠ਦੱà¨à¨£ ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¿à©±à¨¥à© ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨° ਦ੠ਨਿਰੰਤਰ ਮà©à¨à©à¨¦à¨à© ਹà©, à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤à© ਵਪਾਰ, ਸੱà¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨ ਵà¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨°à© ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¦à©-à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨à¨ à¨à¨¿à©±à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਲਠਪà©à¨°à¨¬ ਠਤ੠ਪੱà¨à¨® ਵੱਲ ਰਵਾਨਾ ਹà©à¨à¥¤ </p>
<p>à¨à¨¸ ਵਿà¨à¨ªà¨ à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸à¨ ਸੰਦਰਠਵਿੱà¨, à¨à©±à¨ ਸਵਾਲ à¨à©±à¨ ਦਾ ਹ੠&#8211; à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸, ਰਣਨà©à¨¤à©, ਠਰਥ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ ਠਤ੠ਤà¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨²à©à¨à© ਦ੠ਲà©à¨à¨¸ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਦà©à¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨, à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਲਠਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© à¨à©à¨¤à¨° ਦਾ à¨à© ਮਹੱਤਵ ਹà©? à¨à©±à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨ªà¨ ਠਤ੠ਵਿਦਵਤਾ à¨à¨°à¨ªà©à¨° à¨à©°à¨®, <i>ਮà©à¨°à©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨® à¨à©°à¨¡à©à¨ ਦ੠ਰà©à¨à¨²à©à¨ ਹà©à¨à¨¡à¨¬à©à©±à¨</i>ਠਲà©à¨°à© ਸà©à¨¬à¨°à¨¾à¨®à¨¨à©à¨ ਮ ਰਾà¨à© ਠਤ੠à¨à¨°. ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨µà¨¾à¨¸à¨¨, à¨à¨¸ ਬà©à¨¨à¨¿à¨à¨¦à© ਸਵਾਲ ਦਾ ਬਹà©-à¨à¨¯à¨¾à¨®à© à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨¬ ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ।</p>
<h4 class="sub_head">ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸ &#8216;ਤ੠</h4>
<p>à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸ ਨ੠ਸਾਨà©à©° ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© à¨à©à¨¤à¨° ਦ੠ਵਿà¨à¨ªà¨ ਮਹੱਤਤਾ ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨ ਹà©à¥¤ ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨à©à¨¨ ਠਤ੠ਮੱਧà¨à¨¾à¨²à©à¨¨ ਸਮà©à¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤à© ਮਲਾਹਾਠਦ੠ਪੱà¨à¨®à© ਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¬ ਦ੠ਸਠਤà©à¨ ਦà©à¨° ਦ੠à¨à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਤੱਠਪਹà©à©°à¨à¨£ ਦ੠ਯà©à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਮਾਣ ਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨°à©à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ ਦਾ ਸਰà©à¨¤ ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨¹à¨° ਲਾਲ ਨਹਿਰ੠ਨ੠à¨à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾ ਸà©, &#8220;à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸ ਨ੠ਦਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à© ਵ੠ਸ਼à¨à¨¤à© ਹਿੰਦ ਮਹਾਸਾà¨à¨° ਨà©à©° ਨਿਯੰਤਰਿਤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©, ਪਹਿਲ੠ਸਥਿਤ੠ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦਾ ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਵਪਾਰ à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਰਹਿਮ &#8216;ਤ੠ਹà©, ਠਤ੠ਦà©à¨à© ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠à¨à¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨¦à© à¨à©à¨¦à¥¤&#8221;</p>
<p>ਹੱਥਲ੠ਪà©à¨¸à¨¤à¨ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ à¨à¨¾à¨, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠਵੱà¨-ਵੱਠਵਿਦਵਾਨਾਠਦ੠ਪੰਠਲà©à¨ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ, à¨à©à¨², ਮਰਾਠਿà¨à¨, ਯà©à¨°à¨ªà©à¨ ਨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©°à¨¡à©-ਠਰਬ ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਵਪਾਰ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¦à©à¨°à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©à¨, à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਬਾਹਰ੠ਪਹà©à©°à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸ ਨà©à©° ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ। ਲà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨¨. ਮਨà©à¨¹à¨°à¨¨ ਨ੠à¨à©à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° &#8220;ਨà©à¨à©à¨à¨² à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨°à¨¸&#8221; à¨à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤ ਵਿਦਵਾਨ-à¨à©à¨à¨¨à©à¨¤à¨ à¨à©.à¨à¨®. ਪਾਨਿà¨à¨° ਦਾ ਠਧਿà¨à¨ à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨²à©à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨ ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠ਠਤ੠ਸਮà¨à¨¾à¨²à© à¨à©-ਰਾà¨à¨¨à©à¨¤à© ਲਠà¨à¨¹à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਨਿਰੰਤਰ ਪà©à¨°à¨¸à©°à¨à¨¿à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਨà©à©° ਸਥਾਪਿਤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤ ਵਰà©à¨£ ਸਾਹਨà©, à¨à¨ªà¨£à© à¨à¨µà¨¿à©±à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨¦à© ਦà©à¨°à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à¨à©à¨à©à¨£ ਵਿੱà¨, ਹਿੰਦ ਮਹਾਸਾà¨à¨° ਨà©à©° &#8220;à¨à©±à¨ ਸਪà©à¨¸ ਦ੠ਰà©à¨ª ਵਿੱਠà¨à©±à¨ &#8211; à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨° ਦ੠ਰà©à¨ª ਵਿੱਠ&#8211; ਠਤ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਸਥਾਨ ਦ੠ਰà©à¨ª ਵਿੱਠ&#8211; ਸੰਸਾਰ ਦ੠à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¤à¨° ਮਨà©à©±à¨à© à¨à¨¬à¨¾à¨¦à© ਠਤ੠ਬਸਤà©à¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨°&#8221; ਵà¨à©à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨£à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨¹à©à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤</p>
<h4 class="sub_head">à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਰਣਨà©à¨¤à©</h4>
<p>à¨à¨¿à¨¤à¨¾à¨¬ ਦ੠ਠਧਿà¨à¨ à¨à¨¸à¨à©à¨°à©à¨²à©à¨, à¨à¨¾à¨ªà¨¾à¨¨, ਫਰਾà¨à¨¸, ਪਾà¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¤à¨¾à¨¨, ਬੰà¨à¨²à¨¾à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼, ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨²à©°à¨à¨¾, ਮਾਲਦà©à¨µ, ਮਿà¨à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨°, ਥਾà¨à¨²à©à¨à¨¡, à¨à©°à¨¡à©à¨¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨¨ ਸਮà©à¨¤ à¨à¨ ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਨਾਲ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਰਣਨà©à¨¤à© ਠਤ੠ਸਬੰਧਾਠ&#8216;ਤ੠ਰà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à© ਪਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ। à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਨ੠ਪਾà¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¤à¨¾à¨¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©±à¨¡ à¨à© à¨à¨ªà¨£à© ਸਾਰ੠à¨à©à¨à¨à¨¢à©à¨à¨ ਨਾਲ à¨à¨ªà¨£à©à¨à¨ ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਸਰਹੱਦਾਠਦ੠ਸà©à¨®à¨¾à¨¬à©°à¨¦à© à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦ੠ਪਹਿਲà¨à¨¦à¨®à© à¨à©à¨¤à© ਠਤ੠ਹਰ ਮਾਮਲ੠ਵਿੱਠਸਫ਼ਲ ਰਿਹਾ। ਬਾਠਦ ਵਾਲ੠ਨ੠&#8220;ਪà©à¨°à©à¨°à¨¿à¨¤ ਧਾਰਨਾਵਾà¨&#8221; ਦ੠ਠਧਾਰ &#8216;ਤ੠ਸਮà¨à©à¨¤à© ਵਿੱਠਦà©à¨°à© à¨à©à¨¤à©à¥¤ à¨à©à¨¨-à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨®à¨£à© &#8216;ਤ੠ਹà©à¨ ਵà©à¨¨à¨²à© ਦਾ ਠਧਿà¨à¨ à¨à©à¨¨à© ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤à© ਵਿਦਵਾਨਾਠਦ੠ਸà©à¨ ਦ੠ਡà©à©°à¨à¨¾à¨ ਨਾਲ à¨à©à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠ਠਤ੠à¨à©±à¨à© ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à¨¾à¨ &#8216;ਤ੠ਰà©à¨à©à¨µà©à¨ ਦ੠ਨਿਯਮਾਠਨà©à©° ਨਿਰਧਾਰਤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਦà©à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਸਰà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨à¨¾à¨° ਵਿà¨à¨ªà¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨°-ਵà¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨°à© ਦ੠ਸਿਫਾਰਸ਼ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¸à¨¦à¨¾ à¨à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼ &#8220;ਦà©à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਲਠਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨à¨¦à©à¨¹ ਹਿੱਤਾਠਦ੠à¨à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨ &#8221; ਨà©à©° ਰà©à¨à¨£à¨¾ ਹà©à¨£à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨¹à©à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤ ਹà©à¨° ਠਧਿà¨à¨ 1980 ਦ੠ਦਹਾà¨à© ਦ੠ਮੱਧ ਵਿੱਠਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© à¨à©à¨¤à¨° ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤-à¨à¨¸à¨à©à¨°à©à¨²à©à¨ ਸਬੰਧਾਠਵਿੱਠਤਬਦà©à¨²à© ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ; à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨ªà¨¾à¨¨ ਵਿà¨à¨à¨¾à¨° à¨à¨¼à¨°à©à¨°à© ਸਮਾਨਤਾਵਾà¨; ਠਤ੠ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਬਹà©à¨ªà©±à¨à©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦ ਲਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਠਤ੠ਫਰਾà¨à¨¸ ਦ੠à¨à©°à¨¡à©-ਪà©à¨¸à©à¨«à¨¿à¨ ਪਹà©à©°à¨ ਦਾ ਤਰà¨à¥¤</p>
<p>à¨à¨¾à¨° ਠਧਿà¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਹà©à¨° ਸà©à©±à¨ ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¿à¨¤à¨¾à¨¬ ਹà©à¨ ਾਠਦਿੱਤ੠ਦੱà¨à¨£à© à¨à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨à¨ ਰਾà¨à¨¾à¨ &#8211; à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤, ਬੰà¨à¨²à¨¾à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼, ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨²à©°à¨à¨¾ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨¨ ਦ੠ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾà¨, ਸੰਪਰਠਠਤ੠ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਦਾ ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©à¥¤ Xu Zhengxin à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨¨ ਦ੠ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਦਾ ਤà©à¨²à¨¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨ ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠ਤਾਠà¨à© &#8220;ਠਮਰà©à¨à¨¾ ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¸à¨¤ ਹà©à¨£ ਵਾਲ੠à¨à¨¼à©à¨°à©-ਸਮ à¨à©à¨®&#8221; ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨° à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¾ ਸà¨à©à¥¤ à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸ ਨà©à©° ਠੱà¨à© ਵਧਾà¨à¨£ ਲਠà¨à©±à¨ ਸੰਯà©à¨à¨¤ ਸਲਾਹà¨à¨¾à¨° ਵਿਧ੠ਦ੠ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼ à¨à©à¨¤à©à¥¤ ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨²à©°à¨à¨¾ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à¨°. ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨µà¨¾à¨¸à¨¨ ਦਾ ਠਧਿà¨à¨ ਦਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¾à¨°, à¨à¨¬à©à¨²à© ਦ੠ਰਾà¨à¨¨à©à¨¤à©, ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨µà¨¾à¨¨ ਲà©à¨¡à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨ª ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨ ਵਰà¨à© &#8220;ਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨&#8221; ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨¨ ਦ੠ਬà©à¨²à¨ à¨à¨à¨¡ ਰà©à¨¡ à¨à¨¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨à¨à¨¿à¨µ (ਬà©à¨à¨°à¨à¨) ਵਿੱਠਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹà©à¨£ ਲਠਪà©à¨°à©à¨°à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨਾਲ ਮà¨à¨¼à¨¬à©à¨¤ ​​ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਸ਼ਾਸਨ à¨à¨®à¨à¨¼à©à¨° ਹà©à©°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤</p>
<h4 class="sub_head">ਪਾਵਰ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ </h4>
<p>ਹà©à¨à¨¡à¨¬à©à©±à¨ ਦ੠ਠਨà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨°, à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ à¨à¨ªà¨£à© ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© à¨à¨°à¨à¨¾ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨° ਦà©à¨£ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨«à¨¼à© ਵਧà©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ à¨à¨° ਰਿਹਾ ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¸ ਸਦ੠ਦ੠ਪਹਿਲ੠ਦਹਾà¨à© ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à¨² ਸà©à¨¨à¨¾ ਨ੠ਠਰਬ ਸਾà¨à¨° ਵਿੱਠਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਡਾà¨à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਰà©à¨à¨£ ਵਿੱਠਸ਼ਾਨਦਾਰ à¨à©à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¾ ਨਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¥¤ à¨à¨¹ ਨà©à¨µà© ਦ੠ਨਿਰà©à¨à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਸ਼à©à©±à¨§ ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨¾à¨¤à¨¾ ਵਿੱਠਤਬਦà©à¨²à© ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¿à©°à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾à¥¤ ਦ੠ਹà©à¨° ਠਧਿà¨à¨ à¨à©±à¨² ਰਹ੠à¨à©-ਰਾà¨à¨¨à©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨®à¨£à© ਦਾ à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨²à©à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨ ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ: à¨à©±à¨ &#8220;à¨à©±à¨ ਹà©à¨à¨¿à©°à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à©&#8221; ਲਠਦਲà©à¨² ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹ੠à¨à© ਹਿੰਦ-ਪà©à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨à¨¤ ਲਠਠਮਰà©à¨à© ਰਣਨà©à¨¤à© &#8216;ਤ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, à¨à¨¦à©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਦà©à¨à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਮà©à¨à©à¨¦à¨à© ਨà©à©° ਵਧਾà¨à¨£ ਦ੠ਵà¨à¨¾à¨²à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨਾਲ ਸਮਾਨ ਸà©à¨ ਵਾਲà©à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨°à© ਸ਼à¨à¨¤à©à¨à¨ ਦਾ &#8220;ਸਿà¨à¨¸à© ਠਤ੠à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨ ਸੰà¨à¨®&#8221; ਬਣ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤</p>
<p>ਹà©à¨° ਨਿਬੰਧà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠à¨à©°à¨¡à©-ਪà©à¨¸à©à¨«à¨¿à¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਦà©à¨°à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à¨à©à¨à©à¨£, ਸ਼à¨à¨¤à©à¨à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨²à© ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨° à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ ਹà©, à¨à©±à¨ ਸੰà¨à¨²à¨ª à¨à© ਪਿà¨à¨²à© ਦ੠ਦਹਾà¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਰਣਨà©à¨¤à¨ à¨à¨°à¨à¨¾ à¨à©±à¨¤à© ਹਾਵ੠ਰਿਹਾ ਹà©à¥¤ ਹਾਲ ਹ੠ਦ੠ਸਾਲਾਠਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਪà©à¨°à¨®à©à©±à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਹà©à¨° à¨à©à¨à©à¨²à¨¿à¨à¨ (ਯà©à¨à¨°à©à¨¨, à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¼à¨¾, à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨¨, ਲਾਲ ਸਾà¨à¨° ਠਤ੠ਵà©à¨¨à©à¨à¨¼à©à¨à¨²à¨¾) ਵਿੱਠਸੰà¨à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਨਾਲ-ਨਾਲ ਠਮਰà©à¨à¨¾ ਦ੠ਨਵà©à¨ ਰਾਸ਼à¨à¨°à© ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਰਣਨà©à¨¤à© (à¨à¨¨à¨à¨¸à¨à¨¸) 2025, à¨à© à¨à¨¿ à¨à©±à¨ à¨à©-ਰਾà¨à¨¨à©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਵਿਰà©à¨§à© ਦ੠ਬà¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨ ਵਿਰà©à¨§à© ਵà¨à©à¨ à¨à©à¨¨ ਬਾਰ੠ਨਰਮ ਨà¨à¨¼à¨°à©à¨ ਰੱà¨à¨¦à© ਹà©, ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ à¨à©à¨ à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨ ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¸ ਸੰਦਰਠਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¸ à¨à©±à¨² &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਵੱà¨à¨°à© ਬਹਿਸ ਦ੠ਲà©à© ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨ªà¨£à© à¨à©°à¨¡à©-ਪà©à¨¸à©à¨«à¨¿à¨ ਰਣਨà©à¨¤à© ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ ਸà©à¨§à¨¾à¨°à¨£ ਦ੠ਲà©à© ਹà©à¥¤</p>
<p>ਸੱਤ ਠਧਿà¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਠੰਤਮ ਸਮà©à¨¹ ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© à¨à©à¨¤à¨° ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨ ਠਤ੠ਤà¨à¨¨à©à¨à© ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸ ਨà©à©° ਸੰਬà©à¨§à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤ ਠੰਡਰਵਾà¨à¨° ਡà©à¨®à©à¨¨ ਠਵà©à¨ ਰਨà©à¨¸ (UDA) ਠਤ੠ਪਾਣ੠ਦ੠ਹà©à¨ ਲ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à©à¨à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਲ੠à¨à© ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਤੱਠà¨à¨ ਤਰà©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਵਿਸ਼à©; ਨà©à¨²à© à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨ à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨¤à© ਠਤ੠ਪਰਿਵਰਤਨ; à¨à¨²à¨µà¨¾à¨¯à© ਲà¨à¨à¨¤à¨¾; ਠਤ੠ਤੱà¨à¨µà¨°à¨¤à© ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਨà©à©° ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਸà©à¨ ਸਮਠà¨à© ਸੰਬà©à¨§à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਹà©à¥¤ ਨà©à¨²à© à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਦ੠ਸਾਰ੠ਪਹਿਲà©à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਡà©à©°à¨à© ਦਿਲà¨à¨¸à¨ªà© ਨਾਲ, ਯà©à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨à©à¨à¨ ਨ੠ਪਾਠà¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਲਾਠਪਹà©à©°à¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਲਠਨਵà©à¨¨à¨¤à¨® à¨à©à¨ ਠਤ੠ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਨਾਲ ਹà©à¨à¨¡à¨¬à©à©±à¨ ਨà©à©° ਸਫਲਤਾਪà©à¨°à¨µà¨ ਪà©à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¸ ਸà©à¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©à¨¤à©à¨à¨ ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼ਾਠਨà©à¨¤à© ਨਿਰਮਾਤਾਵਾਠਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਨਾਲ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦ੠ਹੱà¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨° ਹਨ।</p>
<p><i>à¨à©à¨à¨µà© ਹਾà¨à¨¸ ਡਿਸà¨à¨¿à©°à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¡ ਫà©à¨²à© ਰਾà¨à©à¨µ à¨à¨¾à¨à©à¨ ਹਿੰਦ ਮਹਾਸਾà¨à¨° ਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨ ਰਾà¨à¨§à¨¾à¨¨à©à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਵਿà¨à¨ªà¨ à¨à©à¨à¨¨à©à¨¤à¨ ਤà¨à¨¼à¨°à¨¬à© ਵਾਲਾ à¨à©±à¨ ਸਾਬà¨à¨¾ ਰਾà¨à¨¦à©à¨¤ ਹà©à¥¤ </i></p>
</div>
<div class="articleblock-container" id="arthardpv"></div>
<div class="update-publish-time article-published-time-end"></div>
<div class="comments-shares share-page flex print-hide" data-artid="70497701" data-title="India’s maritime policy: how it has evolved and what lies ahead" data-url="https://www.thehindu.com/education/indias-maritime-policy-how-it-has-evolved-and-what-lies-ahead/article70497701.ece">
<div class="left">
<div class="share">
<ul class="share-list bottom" style="display: none;">
<li class="copy-link" onclick="if (!window.__cfRLUnblockHandlers) return false; copytext('https://www.thehindu.com/education/indias-maritime-policy-how-it-has-evolved-and-what-lies-ahead/article70497701.ece');" data-cf-modified-6bfb24f3fc9c439971df8550-="">
<p> ਲਿੰਠà¨à¨¾à¨ªà© à¨à¨°à© </p>
</li>
<li class="email">
<p> à¨à¨®à©à¨² </p>
</li>
<li class="facebook" onclick="if (!window.__cfRLUnblockHandlers) return false; openShareLink('https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Feducation%2Findias-maritime-policy-how-it-has-evolved-and-what-lies-ahead%2Farticle70497701.ece&;t=India%E2%80%99s%20maritime%20policy%3A%20how%20it%20has%20evolved%20and%20what%20lies%20ahead')" data-cf-modified-6bfb24f3fc9c439971df8550-="">
<p> ਫà©à¨¸à¨¬à©à©±à¨ </p>
</li>
<li class="twitter" onclick="if (!window.__cfRLUnblockHandlers) return false; openShareLink('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Feducation%2Findias-maritime-policy-how-it-has-evolved-and-what-lies-ahead%2Farticle70497701.ece&;text=India%E2%80%99s%20maritime%20policy%3A%20how%20it%20has%20evolved%20and%20what%20lies%20ahead')" data-cf-modified-6bfb24f3fc9c439971df8550-="">
<p> à¨à¨µà¨¿à©±à¨à¨° </p>
</li>
<li class="telegram" onclick="if (!window.__cfRLUnblockHandlers) return false; openShareLink('https://t.me/share/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Feducation%2Findias-maritime-policy-how-it-has-evolved-and-what-lies-ahead%2Farticle70497701.ece&;text=India%E2%80%99s%20maritime%20policy%3A%20how%20it%20has%20evolved%20and%20what%20lies%20ahead')" data-cf-modified-6bfb24f3fc9c439971df8550-="">
<p> à¨à©à¨²à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨® </p>
</li>
<li class="in" onclick="if (!window.__cfRLUnblockHandlers) return false; openShareLink('https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Feducation%2Findias-maritime-policy-how-it-has-evolved-and-what-lies-ahead%2Farticle70497701.ece&;title=India%E2%80%99s%20maritime%20policy%3A%20how%20it%20has%20evolved%20and%20what%20lies%20ahead')" data-cf-modified-6bfb24f3fc9c439971df8550-="">
<p> ਲਿੰà¨à¨¡à¨à¨¨ </p>
</li>
<li class="whatsapp" onclick="if (!window.__cfRLUnblockHandlers) return false; openShareLink('https://api.whatsapp.com//send?text=India%E2%80%99s%20maritime%20policy%3A%20how%20it%20has%20evolved%20and%20what%20lies%20ahead%20-%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Feducation%2Findias-maritime-policy-how-it-has-evolved-and-what-lies-ahead%2Farticle70497701.ece')" data-cf-modified-6bfb24f3fc9c439971df8550-="">
<p> ਵà¨à¨¸à¨à¨ª</p>
</li>
<li class="reddit" onclick="if (!window.__cfRLUnblockHandlers) return false; openShareLink('https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Feducation%2Findias-maritime-policy-how-it-has-evolved-and-what-lies-ahead%2Farticle70497701.ece&;title=India%E2%80%99s%20maritime%20policy%3A%20how%20it%20has%20evolved%20and%20what%20lies%20ahead')" data-cf-modified-6bfb24f3fc9c439971df8550-="">
<p> reddit </p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="right">
<div class="read-later"><button class="btn read-later-btn" data-articleid="70497701" style="display:none" data-ga-labelclick="ReadLater"><span>ਬਾਠਦ ਵਿੱਠਪà©à©à¨¹à©</span></button></p>
<div class="delete-tool-tip" style="display: none;">
<p> ਸਾਰ੠ਦà©à¨à©<br />
 <span class="delete bookmarkdelete"><br />
 ਹà¨à¨¾à¨à¨£à¨¾<br />
 </span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="spliter pt-0 mb-0 print-hide"></div>
<div class="article-ad two-side text-ad print-hide">
<div class="ad-text" id="artproduct2" style="display: none;"></div>
</div>
<p><script data-cfasync="false">var totalPcount = document.querySelectorAll(".articlebodycontent>.schemaDiv>p")
if(totalPcount.length > 1)
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[1],createElementScript("div","","artmeterpv"))
else
 insertElementbegin(document.querySelector(".articlebodycontent .schemaDiv"),createElementScript("div","","artmeterpv"))
</script></p>
<div class="d-none d-lg-block d-xl-block"><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (isDeviceEnabled("large")) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "Desktop_AT_Mid01", minHeight: '90px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[1 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid01, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">userIdentify.then(function() 
 if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('Desktop_AT_Mid01'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid01, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (isDeviceEnabled("large")) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "Desktop_Inarticle_1x1", minHeight: '250px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[3 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/Hindu_Desktop_Inarticle_1x1, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">userIdentify.then(function() 
 if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('Desktop_Inarticle_1x1'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/Hindu_Desktop_Inarticle_1x1, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("large") && Number.isInteger(6) && totalPcount.length >= (5 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "Desktop_AT_Mid02", minHeight: '90px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[6 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid02, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">if (totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(6) && totalPcount.length >= (5 + 3)) if (isDeviceEnabled("large")) googletag.cmd.push(function() 
 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid02', [728, 90], 'Desktop_AT_Mid02').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(6) && totalPcount.length >= (5 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('Desktop_AT_Mid02'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid02, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("large") && Number.isInteger(9) && totalPcount.length >= (8 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "Desktop_AT_Mid03", minHeight: '90px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[9 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid03, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">if (totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(9) && totalPcount.length >= (8 + 3)) if (isDeviceEnabled("large")) googletag.cmd.push(function() 
 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid03', [728, 90], 'Desktop_AT_Mid03').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(9) && totalPcount.length >= (8 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('Desktop_AT_Mid03'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid03, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("large") && Number.isInteger(12) && totalPcount.length >= (11 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "Desktop_AT_Mid04", minHeight: '90px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[12 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid04, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">if (totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(12) && totalPcount.length >= (11 + 3)) if (isDeviceEnabled("large")) googletag.cmd.push(function() 
 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid04', [728, 90], 'Desktop_AT_Mid04').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(12) && totalPcount.length >= (11 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('Desktop_AT_Mid04'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid04, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("large") && Number.isInteger(15) && totalPcount.length >= (14 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "Desktop_AT_Mid05", minHeight: '90px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[15 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid05, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">if (totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(15) && totalPcount.length >= (14 + 3)) if (isDeviceEnabled("large")) googletag.cmd.push(function() 
 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid05', [728, 90], 'Desktop_AT_Mid05').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(15) && totalPcount.length >= (14 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('Desktop_AT_Mid05'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid05, publisher: The Hindu --></div>
<div class="d-block d-sm-none "><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (isDeviceEnabled("small")) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "MWeb_AT_Middle01", minHeight: '330px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[1 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle01, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">userIdentify.then(function() 
 if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('MWeb_AT_Middle01'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle01, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (isDeviceEnabled("small")) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad ", "Mweb_AT_Bottom01", minHeight: '330px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[3 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Mweb_AT_Bottom01, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">userIdentify.then(function() 
 if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('Mweb_AT_Bottom01'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Mweb_AT_Bottom01, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("small") && Number.isInteger(6) && totalPcount.length >= (5 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "MWeb_AT_Middle02", minHeight: '330px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[6 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle02, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">if (totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(6) && totalPcount.length >= (5 + 3)) if (isDeviceEnabled("small")) googletag.cmd.push(function() 
 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle02', [[300,250],[336,280],[200,200],[250,250],[300,300]], 'MWeb_AT_Middle02').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(6) && totalPcount.length >= (5 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('MWeb_AT_Middle02'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle02, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("small") && Number.isInteger(9) && totalPcount.length >= (8 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "MWeb_AT_Middle03", minHeight: '330px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[9 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle03, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">if (totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(9) && totalPcount.length >= (8 + 3)) if (isDeviceEnabled("small")) googletag.cmd.push(function() 
 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle03', [[300,250],[336,280],[200,200],[250,250],[300,300]], 'MWeb_AT_Middle03').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(9) && totalPcount.length >= (8 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('MWeb_AT_Middle03'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle03, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("small") && Number.isInteger(12) && totalPcount.length >= (11 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "MWeb_AT_Middle04", minHeight: '330px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[12 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle04, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">if (totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(12) && totalPcount.length >= (11 + 3)) if (isDeviceEnabled("small")) googletag.cmd.push(function() 
 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle04', [[300,250],[336,280],[200,200],[250,250],[300,300]], 'MWeb_AT_Middle04').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(12) && totalPcount.length >= (11 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('MWeb_AT_Middle04'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle04, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("small") && Number.isInteger(15) && totalPcount.length >= (14 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "MWeb_AT_Middle05", minHeight: '330px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[15 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle05, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">if (totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(15) && totalPcount.length >= (14 + 3)) if (isDeviceEnabled("small")) googletag.cmd.push(function() 
 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle05', [[300,250],[336,280],[200,200],[250,250],[300,300]], 'MWeb_AT_Middle05').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(15) && totalPcount.length >= (14 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('MWeb_AT_Middle05'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle05, publisher: The Hindu --></div>
</div>
<p><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p>

ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ ਸਮੁੰਦਰੀ ਨੀਤੀ: ਇਹ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਵਿਕਸਿਤ ਹੋਈ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰੀਮੀਅਮ ਲਈ ਅੱਗੇ ਕੀ ਹੈ

