<h2 class="sub-title" style="font-family: 'Merriweather', serif; font-weight: bold;">à¨à©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠਮਾਸà¨à¨° ਡਿà¨à¨°à© ਹਾਸਲ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲà©à¨à¨ ਪਹਿਲà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱà¨à©à¨ à¨à©±à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਲ੠à¨à© TIFR ਦ੠à¨à©à¨¸à¨®à¨¿à¨-ਰ੠à¨à¨°à©à©±à¨ª ਵਿੱਠਪਹਿਲ੠ਮਹਿਲਾ à¨à©à¨à¨à¨¾à¨° ਬਣਨ ਤੱà¨, ਵਿà¨à¨¾ à¨à©à¨§à¨°à© STEM ਦ੠à¨à©à¨¤à¨° ਵਿੱਠà¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨à¨à¨¨ ਵà¨à©à¨ à¨à¨®à¨à©à¥¤</h2>
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<p>1900 ਦ੠ਦਹਾà¨à© ਦ੠ਸ਼à©à¨°à© ਵਿੱਠà¨à©à¨²à¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨¾ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨¨ à¨à©à©à© ਦਾ à¨à¨¨à¨® ਹà©à¨à¨, à¨à©±à¨ ਯà©à©±à¨ à¨à¨¦à©à¨ à¨à©à©à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਬਹà©à¨¤ à¨à©±à¨ ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਦਿੱਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਸ੠ਠਤ੠ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਬਹà©à¨¤ à¨à©à¨à© à¨à¨®à¨° ਵਿੱਠਹ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¹à© à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਸਨ। ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿, à¨à¨¹ ਦà©à¨°à¨¿à© ਰਹ੠ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠਮਾਸà¨à¨° ਡਿà¨à¨°à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ªà¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲ੠ਪਹਿਲ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱà¨à©à¨ à¨à©±à¨ ਬਣ à¨à¨à¥¤ à¨à¨¹ ਵਿà¨à¨¾ à¨à©à¨§à¨°à© ਦ੠à¨à¨¹à¨¾à¨£à© ਹà©à¥¤</p>
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<p>1913 ਵਿੱਠਪà©à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¨, ਵਿà¨à¨¾ à¨à©à¨§à¨°à© ਦਾ à¨à¨¨à¨® ਠà¨à¨¾à¨à¨¹à¨µà¨§à© ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਵਾਲ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਵਿੱਠਹà©à¨à¨ ਸ੠&#8211; à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨ੠à¨à¨¸à¨¨à©à©° ਸà¨à©à¨² ਤà©à¨ ਬਾਹਰ ਪà©à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਠਤ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨, à¨à¨¾à¨¸ à¨à¨°à¨à© à¨à©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨, à¨à©±à¨ ਠà¨à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾ ਵਿਸ਼ਾ, à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¨à©à©° à¨à¨¸ ਸਮà©à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਹ੠à¨à©à¨¹à¨¿à¨ ਸà©, ਨà©à©° ਠੱà¨à© ਵਧਾà¨à¨£ ਲਠà¨à¨¤à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¹à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾à¥¤</p>
<p>1936 ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© à¨à¨²à¨à©±à¨¤à¨¾ ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© ਤà©à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨ªà¨£à© à¨à¨®à¨à¨¸à¨¸à© ਪà©à¨°à© à¨à©à¨¤à©, à¨à¨¹ ਮੰਨਿਠà¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨ªà¨£à© à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©±à¨à¨²à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨°à¨¤ ਸ੠ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠਪà©à¨¸à¨ à¨à©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨ ਡਿà¨à¨°à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ªà¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲà©à¨à¨ ਪਹਿਲà©à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱà¨à©à¨ ਸà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨²à¨¿à¨à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨¸à¨°à©à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©à©°à¨®à¨¦à© ਸ੠à¨à© ਪਹਿਲਾਠà¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਠà¨à©à¨¤ ਸà©, ਲà©à¨¾à¨à¨à¨ ਲà©à¨¦à© ਸ੠&#8211; ਸà©à¨à¨® ਠਤ੠ਹà©à¨°. </p>
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<p>										à¨à©à¨¥à¨°à©à¨¨ à¨à¨¾à¨¨à¨¸à¨¨: ਨਾਸਾ ਦਾ à¨à©à©±à¨²à¨¿à¨ ਹà©à¨à¨ ਮਨà©à©±à¨à© à¨à©°à¨ªà¨¿à¨à¨à¨°</p></div>
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<p>ਬਾਠਦ ਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à©°à¨à¨°à¨µà¨¿à¨à¨à¨ ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° à¨à¨¸ ਬਾਰ੠à¨à©±à¨² à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ ਬਹà©à¨¤ à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠਦਾà¨à¨² ਹ੠ਰਹà©à¨à¨ ਸਨ, ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨§à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨ ਸਮਾਠਵਿੱਠਤà¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨²à©à¨à© ਠਤ੠ਸ਼à¨à¨¤à© ਦ੠à¨à©±à¨² à¨à¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹ੠ਤਾਠਬਰਾਬਰ ਫà©à¨¸à¨²à© ਲà©à¨£ ਦ੠ਸ਼à¨à¨¤à© ਨà©à©° ਯà¨à©à¨¨à© ਬਣਾà¨à¨£ ਲਠਵਧà©à¨°à© à¨à¨¾à¨à©à¨¦à¨¾à¨°à© ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¤à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¹à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ ਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨¨ ਹà©à¥¤ </p>
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<p> ਬà©à¨¬à¨¾ à¨à©à¨§à¨°à© 1955 ਵਿੱਠਪà©à¨¸à¨¾, à¨à¨à¨²à© ਵਿੱਠਠੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼à¨à¨°à© à¨à¨¾à¨¨à¨«à¨°à©°à¨¸ ਵਿੱà¨à¥¤ ਫà©à¨à© à¨à©à¨°à©à¨¡à¨¿à¨: ਵਿà¨à©à¨®à©à¨¡à©à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨®à¨¨à¨à¨¼
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<p>ਮà©à¨¨à¨à©à¨¸à¨à¨° ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¸à¨¦à© à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨à¨à¨¾à¨² ਦà©à¨°à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à©±à¨ ਸਥਾਨਠਠà¨à¨¬à¨¾à¨° ਨ੠à¨à¨¸à¨¨à©à©° &#8220;à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਨਵà©à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¤ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à©&#8221; ਵà¨à©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾, à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨ à¨à©°à¨® ਠਤ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਬਸਤà©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦à© ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©±à¨ ਦà©à¨°à¨²à©±à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à© ਵà¨à©à¨ à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਸਥਿਤ੠ਦà©à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨° à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾à¥¤ à¨à¨¸ ਲà©à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨¸ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¸ à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨® ਦ੠à¨à¨¨à¨¤à¨ ਸਵà©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨¤à© ਦਿੱਤ੠à¨à© à¨à¨¸ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©±à¨ ਹ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ªà¨¤ ਹà©à¨ ਸà©, à¨à¨¦à©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠à¨à¨¿à©°à¨¤à¨¾ ਵ੠ਦਰਠà¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨ ਸ੠à¨à¨¿ ਬਹà©à¨¤ à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠਦਾà¨à¨² ਹ੠ਰਹà©à¨à¨ ਸਨ। 1949 ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨ªà¨£à© ਪà©à¨à¨à¨¡à© ਤà©à¨ ਬਾਠਦ, à¨à©à¨§à¨°à© ਸà©à¨¤à©°à¨¤à¨° ਪਰ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨ ਤà©à¨° &#8216;ਤ੠ਨਾà¨à¨¼à©à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਵਿੱਠਪਰਤ à¨à¨à¥¤ </p>
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ਬੀਬਾ ਚੌਧਰੀ: STEM ਵਿੱਚ ਰੁਕਾਵਟਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਤੋੜਨ ਵਾਲਾ
