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<p><span class="drop-caps">ਹà©</span>à¨à¨¨ 16 ਫਰਵਰà©, ਤà©à¨¸à¨°à¨¾-ਯਾਰ-ਠਯਾਰ from ਰਤ ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à© à¨à©à¨à©à¨¨à©à¨¸à¨µà¨° ਦ੠à¨à¨¦à¨¯à©à¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨²à©à¨à© (à¨à©à¨) ਦ੠à¨à¨¦à¨¯à©à¨à¨¿à¨ (à¨à©à¨) ਵਿà¨à© à¨à©à¨¦à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à© ਵਿਠਮਰ੠ਹà©à¨ ਲੱà¨à© à¨à¨ ਸਨ. ਪà©à¨²à¨¿à¨¸ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਮ੠initial ਲ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨ ਤà©à¨ à¨à©à¨²à¨¾à¨¸à¨¾ ਨ੠ਦੱਸਿਠà¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¿à¨¸à© ਸਾਥ੠ਤà©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¨à© ਦ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à© ਨ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à© ਨà©à©° ਮਾਰਿਠਸà©. ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠ਹà©à¨° ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©±à¨ ਵਿਰà©à¨§ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿ ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© ਨ੠ਪਰà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¨à© ਦ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à© ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à©±à¨ female ਰਤ ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à© ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ à¨à©à¨¤à©à¨à¨ ਸ਼ਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਠਣਦà©à¨à© à¨à©à¨¤à©. à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨, à¨à©à©à© ਨ੠ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¤à©à¨µà¨¿à¨§à©à¨à¨ ਬੰਦ à¨à¨° ਦਿੱਤà©à¨à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨ªà¨¸ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¾à¨²à© à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਹà©à¨à¨® ਦਿੱਤਾ. à¨à¨¸ à¨à¨¾à¨² ਵਿਠਵਿà¨à¨ªà¨ ਨਾਰਾà¨à¨¼à¨à© ਹà©à¨, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਿਠਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨²à© ਸਰà¨à¨¾à¨° ਵ੠ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹà©. à¨à©à¨ à¨à¨à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¡à¨° ਨà©à©° ਵਾਪਸ ਲ੠à¨à© à¨à¨²à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਠਤ੠ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ ਸà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਦà©à¨¬à¨¾à¨°à¨¾ ਸ਼à©à¨°à© à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾. </p>
<p>à¨à¨¹ à¨à©à¨à©à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਵਿੱਠਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲ੠ਮà©à©±à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨ ਬਾਰ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨° ਵà¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨°à© ਦਾ à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨¦à¨¾ ਰੱà¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. </p>
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<p>à¨à©±à¨ ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ (à¨à¨à¨à¨¸) ਡà©à¨à¨¾ &#8216;ਤ੠ਸਾਰ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਸਰਵà©à¨à¨£ ਸà©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦਿੰਦ੠ਹਨ à¨à¨¿ 2021-22 ਦ੠ਦà©à¨°à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਵਿੱਠ17021-22 ਦ੠ਵਿਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à© ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਤà©à¨ à¨à¨à¨ (28%). à¨à¨¸à¨¼ ਡà©à¨à¨¾ ਦ੠ਠਨà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨° ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਤà©à¨ à¨à¨ ਵਿਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à© ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¤à¨¤à¨¾ ਸਠਤà©à¨ ਵੱਧ (21%) ਸ੠à¨à© 2012-13 ਵਿੱਠਵ੠ਸਾਲਾਨਾ ਸà©. à¨à¨¸ ਤਰà©à¨¹à¨¾à¨, à¨à¨¸ à¨à©±à¨² ਦਾ ਸਬà©à¨¤ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¦à©à¨à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਵਿਠਦਰਠਵਿਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à© ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¿à¨£à¨¤à© ਸਾਲਾਠਤà©à¨ ਵਧ ਰਹ੠ਹà©, à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਵਿà¨à©à¨ ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਸਾਰ੠ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਤà©à¨ à¨à¨ ਹਨ. à¨à©à¨¬à¨² 1 ਸਾਨà©à©° ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਦਾà¨à¨²à© ਦਾ ਸੰà¨à©à¨ª ਨਿà¨à¨°à¨¾à¨¨à© ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹà©, ਵੱà¨-ਵੱਠà¨à©à¨°à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨ ਵੱà¨-ਵੱਠ180 à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤à© ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© ਠਤ੠ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਠਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à©à¨¤à©à¨à¨ ਵੱà¨-ਵੱਠà¨à©à¨°à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾. </p>
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<p>à¨à¨¹ ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à© ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à¨° ਵਿੱਠਫà©à¨²à¨¦à© ਹਨ &#8211; à¨à©±à¨¤à¨° ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨®à©à¨° ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© ਤà©à¨ à¨à©à¨°à¨²à¨¾ ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© ਤà©à¨ ਲ੠à¨à© à¨à©±à¨¤à¨° ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à© ਹਿੱਲ ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© (ਨà©à¨¹à©) ਤà©à¨ ਲ੠à¨à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¬ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨¤ à¨à¨¯à©à¨°à¨µà©à¨¦ ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© ਤੱà¨. ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿ à¨à©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨ ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨£à© ਵਿੱਠਦਾà¨à¨²à¨¾ ਸਠਤà©à¨ à¨à©±à¨à¨¾ ਹà©, à¨à©±à¨ ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨£à©à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਦਾà¨à¨²à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਪà©à¨à¨à¨¡à© à¨à©±à¨ ਸਥਿਰ ਵਾਧ੠ਨà©à©° ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿ ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨²à© ਹà©à¨£ ਤà©à¨ ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਦà©à¨° ਹà©. ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à© à¨à©°à¨à©à¨¨à©à¨ ਰਿੰਠਠਤ੠ਤà¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨²à©à¨à© ਦ੠ਸਿà¨à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠ਡਿà¨à¨°à© ਲਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤à© ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਠਲਠਵੱਧ ਰਹ੠à¨à¨à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à¨ ਦਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ. ਠਸਲ ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਮà©à¨à©à¨¦à¨à© ਹà©à¨° ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨µà©à¨ ਠਦਾਰਿà¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨«à¨¼à© ਰਹ੠ਹ੠à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨ à¨à© à¨à¨¸ (ਦਿੱਲà©, à¨à¨¾à¨¨à¨ªà©à¨°, ਰà©à¨à©, ਰà©à¨à©, à¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨à©), à¨à©°à¨¡à©à¨ ਨ à¨à©°à¨¸à¨à©à¨à¨¿ of ਠਸਾà¨à©°à¨¸ (à¨à¨à¨à¨à¨¸à©à¨ ਬà©à¨à¨à¨²à©à¨°à©), ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨. </p>
<h4 class="sub_head">à¨à¨ ਵਿਦਿਠਠਸੰਬੰਧ </h4>
<p>à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਠਤ੠à¨à©°à¨¡à©à¨ ਨ ਵਿਦਿਠਠਠਦਾਰਿà¨à¨ ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠ਵਿਦਿਠਠਸੰਬੰਧਾਠਨਾਲ à¨à¨ ਠਮà©à¨° à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸ ਦਾ ਵਰਣਨ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾. à¨à¨¸ à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸à¨ à¨à©à¨ªà¨¸à¨à¨°à© &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à¨ à¨à¨°à©à¨¸à¨°à© à¨à¨¾à¨¤à© ਮਾਰà©à¨, à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਪਰਤਾਹ à¨à¨à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਰà©à¨¡à¨¿à¨ à¨à©à¨£ à¨à©à¨£ ਹà©, ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠ਠੰਦਰ ਠਤ੠ਦà©à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਵਿਠਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨²à© à¨à¨¨à¨¤à¨ ਸà©à¨à¨à¨° ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¾à¨ªà¨£ ਵਿਠਬਨਾਰਸ ਠਤ੠ਦਾਰà¨à©à¨²à¨¿à©°à¨ ਦ੠ਯà©à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਮਾਨਤਾ ਦà©à¨£ ਵਿਠਸਾਡ੠ਮਦਦ ਮਿਲà©à¨à©. ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿, &#8216;à¨à©à¨°à¨à¨¾&#8217; ਨਾਲ à¨à©à©à© ਬਸਤà©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦à© ਵਿਰਾਸਤ ਦ੠à¨à¨²à¨, ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਵਿà¨à¨à¨¾à¨° ਸà¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨ ਸਬੰਧਾà¨, à¨à© ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨²à©à¨à¨ ਲਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਨà©à©° ਦੱਸਿਠà¨à¨¿ à¨à©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨²à©à¨² ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à© à¨à¨¿à©°à¨¨à¨¾ ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨£à¨¾ ਦੱਸਿਠà¨à¨¿à¨ ਹà©. ਰਾਣਾ ਦ੠ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਦ੠ਦਿਨਾਠਤà©à¨, à¨à¨¦à©à¨ ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਵਿਠਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨¸à¨à¨° à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨²à©à¨¨ ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ, ਬਨਾਮਾਰਾà¨, ਪà¨à¨¨à¨¾, ਪà¨à¨¨à¨¾, ਦਾਰà¨à¨ªà©à¨° ਠਤ੠ਦਾਰà¨à©à¨°à¨¿à©°à¨ ਵਰà¨à© ਮà©à¨à© à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ à¨à©à¨ ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਸਨ. </p>
<p>à¨à¨¸ ਤà©à¨ à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨µà¨¾, à¨à¨¦à©à¨ ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਵਿਠ&#8216;à¨à¨§à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨&#8217; ਰਸਮ੠ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à© ਦ੠à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸ ਦ੠à¨à©±à¨² à¨à¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹ੠ਤਾਠà¨à¨ à¨à¨°à©à¨°à© ਠੱਠਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à© à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ ਸਿਰਫ ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨£à© ਨਹà©à¨ ਹà©, ਪਰ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਨਾਲ à¨à©à©°à¨à¨²à¨¦à¨¾à¨° ਸੰਪਰਠਵ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ ਵà©à¨¸à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਸ਼à©à¨²à© ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਵਿੱਠ1854 ਵਿੱਠDurbar ਹਾਠਸà¨à©à¨² ਦ੠ਸਥਾਪਨਾ ਨਾਲ ਸ਼à©à¨°à© ਹà©à¨, ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿ ਸਿਰਫ ਸ਼ਾਹ੠ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਠਤ੠ਦਰà¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¤ ਤà©à¨° ਤ੠ਪਹà©à©°à¨à¨¯à©à¨. 1901 ਵਿà¨, à¨à¨¨à¨¤à¨ ਲਾਠਲਠਸà¨à©à¨², à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¾à¨«à¨¾ ਪਸ਼ਾà¨à¨¾ (à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾ ਸà¨à©à¨²) ਦ੠ਨਿਰਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਨਾਲ à¨à¨¾à¨£à© à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਸਨ. à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨-à¨à©°à¨¦à¨° à¨à¨¾à¨²à¨ 1918 ਵਿਠà¨à¨¾à¨ ਮੰਡ੠ਵਿਠਸਥਾਪਤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸ੠ਠਤ੠ਸ਼à©à¨°à© ਵਿਠà¨à¨²à¨à©±à¨¤à¨¾ ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© ਨਾਲ à¨à©à©à¨¿à¨ ਹà©à¨à¨ ਸ੠à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨà©à©° ਬਾਠਦ ਵਿਠਪà¨à¨¨à¨¾ ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à©, à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਤਬਦà©à¨² à¨à¨° ਦਿੱਤਾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©. à¨à¨¸ ਮਾਨਤਾ ਦ੠ਠਨà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨°, à¨à¨¾à¨²à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¼à¨¿à©°à¨®à©à¨µà¨¾à¨°à© ਸਿਰਫ ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਦਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਸà©, à¨à¨¦à©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਸਮà©à©±à¨à© ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨®, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਦà©à¨°à¨¾à¨¨ ਸਮà©à©±à¨à© ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨®, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਦà©à¨°à¨¾à¨¨ ਸਮà©à©±à¨à© ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨®, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠਨਿਯà©à¨à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠਨਿਯà©à¨à¨¤à© ਹà©à¨ ਸà©, ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਠਵਾਰਡ, ਸਬੰਧਤ à¨à©°à¨¸à¨à©à¨à¨¿ .ਠਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©. </p>
<h4 class="sub_head">ਬਸਤà©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦à© ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µ </h4>
<p>à¨à¨¸ ਤਰà©à¨¹à¨¾à¨, ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à© ਦ੠ਬਸਤà©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦à© ਵਿਰਾਸਤ ਦ੠ਰਸਤ੠ਰਾਹà©à¨ ਸਥਾਪਤ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨ ਸà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨਾਲ ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਵਿੱਠਸਰਬà©à¨¤à¨®à©à¨à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨¾à¨²à¨ ਨਾਲ ਮà©à¨²à¨¾à¨à¨¾à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à© ਸà©; ਠਤ੠ਦà©à¨¸à¨°à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨²à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©°à¨¸à¨à©à¨°à¨à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਸà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਸਾਰਿà¨à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨ªà¨£à© ਮਾਸà¨à¨° ਦ੠ਡਿà¨à¨°à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ªà¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à© ਸà©, ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¸ ਲਠà¨à¨¹à© ਸਮੱà¨à¨°à© ਦ੠ਪਾਲਣਾ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਤ ਮਹਿਸà©à¨¸ à¨à©à¨¤à© ਸà©. 1959 ਵਿਠਤà©à¨°à¨¿à¨à©à¨µà¨¨ ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© ਦ੠ਸਥਾਪਨਾ ਤà©à¨ ਪਹਿਲਾà¨, ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼ ਵਿਠਪà©à¨¸à¨ à¨à©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨ ਨਿਰਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à©à¨ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ ਨਹà©à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨ ਸà©, ਠਤ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨ ਪੱਧਰ ਤੱਠਸà©à¨®à¨¿à¨¤. ਸਮਾà¨à¨¿à¨ ਸਾà¨à©°à¨¸ ਦ੠ਬਾਠਦ, 1960 ਦ੠ਦਹਾà¨à© ਵਿਠਸਿਰਫ 1940 ਦ੠ਦਹਾà¨à© ਵਿਠਹ੠ਸਮਾਠਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ ਠਤ੠ਰਾà¨à¨à©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨à¨¾à¨²à©à¨¨ à¨à¨ ਸà©, à¨à¨¦à©à¨ à¨à¨¿ 1950 ਦ੠ਦਹਾà¨à© ਵਿਠਸà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨²à©à¨²à©à¨à© ਠਤ੠ਰਾà¨à¨¸à© à¨à©à¨ à¨à¨à¨. </p>
<p> ਸੰਮà©à¨²à¨¨ ਵਿà¨, 1950 ਦ੠ਦਹਾà¨à© ਤà¨, ਬà©à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਬਸਤà©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦à© ਵਿਰਾਸਤ ਨ੠ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¼à©à¨°à¨¦à¨¾à¨° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾, à¨à¨¾à¨µà©à¨ &#8216;ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à© ਨà©à©° ਵà©&#8217; ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਦਿੱਤ੠à¨à¨. à¨à¨¸ ਠੰਤ &#8216;ਤà©, ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨§à©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦à© ਮਾਡਲ ਨਮà©à¨¨à© ਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨ ਾਲਮਾਠਦ੠ਨਾਲ ਹਵਾਲਾ ਬਿੰਦ੠ਵà¨à©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨®à¨¾à¨£à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©. à¨à¨à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨°, 1954 ਵਿੱà¨, ਸਰà¨à¨¾à¨° ਨ੠à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£à¨¾ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨¿ &#8216;ਨà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨² à¨à¨¼à¨°à©à¨°à¨¤&#8217; ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਤ ਰਾਸ਼à¨à¨°à© ਵਿਦਿਠਠਯà©à¨à¨¨à¨¾ à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਨ੠ਰਾਸ਼à¨à¨°à© ਵਿਦਿਠਠਯà©à¨à¨¨à¨¾ à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਬਣਾà¨à¨ ਸà©. ਬਾਠਦ ਵਿà¨, 1971 ਵਿਠਨਵà©à¨ ਸ਼à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à© ਯà©à¨à¨¨à¨¾ (à¨à¨¨à¨à¨¸à©à¨à¨à¨ªà©) ਦ੠ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨à¨¤ ਦ੠ਨਾਲ, ਸਾਰ੠ਮਸ਼à©à¨¨à¨°à© ਨà©à©° ਦà©à¨¬à¨¾à¨°à¨¾ ਬਦਲ ਦਿੱਤਾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©. ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨¤à¨° ਵਿਠà¨à¨ªà¨£à© ਸà©à¨¤à©°à¨¤à¨° ਯਾਤਰਾ ਦ੠ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨à¨¤ ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਦ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨ªà¨£à© à¨à¨ª ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à©±à¨ ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਠਵਿਠਨਾਮà¨à¨¼à¨¦ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾. ਬà©à¨§à¨¿à¨à© à¨à©à¨¤à¨° ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨®à©à©±à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨¡à¨¾à¨°à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਵਿਠਸਿà¨à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਦਿੱਤ੠à¨à¨ ਸ੠ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਦਰਮਿà¨à¨¨ ਸਮà©à¨ ਦ੠ਬà©à¨¤à¨£ ਨਾਲ ਵ੠ਸਮਾਠਲੰà¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. </p>
<h4 class="sub_head">ਸà¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨ ਪà©à©°à¨à©</h4>
<p>à¨à©±à¨ ਵਿਦਿਠਠਸਿà¨à¨²à¨¾à¨, à¨à¨à¨¾à¨¨ ਦ੠ਤà©à¨° ਤ੠ਵ੠à¨à¨ªà¨²à¨¬à¨§, ਠà¨à© ਵ੠à¨à¨¹ ਮਾਰà¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਸ਼ਾਮਲ à¨à¨°à© à¨à© ਸਿੱà¨à¨£ ਦ੠ਤà¨à¨¼à©à¨°à¨¬à© ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨²à© ਤà©à¨° ਤ੠ਰà¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à¨µà¨¿à©±à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨µà¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਠਤ੠à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਰà©à¨ª ਦਿੰਦ੠ਹਨ. à¨à¨¹ ਯਾਦਾà¨, ਹà©à¨° à¨à©à¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਨਾਲ, ਦੱà¨à¨£à© à¨à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨à¨ ਸà¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨ ਪà©à©°à¨à© ਦਾ à¨à©±à¨ ਸੰà¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¤ ਸਰà©à¨¤ ਹਨ à¨à© ਦà©à¨à¨à¨¾à¨² ਨਾਲ ਪਾਲਣ ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ. ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¦à©à¨ &#8216;ਵਿਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à© ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨&#8217; ਦ੠ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨£à© à¨à¨¸ ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¿à¨°à¨¿à¨ ਵਿਠਸ਼ਾਮਲ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©, ਤਾਠà¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¼à©à¨²à¨® ਨà©à©° ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਤà©à¨ ਰà©à¨à¨£ ਲਠਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¿à¨°à¨¿à¨ ਨà©à©° ਰà©à¨à¨£ ਦ੠à¨à¨¼à¨¿à©°à¨®à©à¨µà¨¾à¨°à© ਬਣ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©. </p>
<p>ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à© ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à© ਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à¨¾à¨¹à© à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¿à©±à¨¥à© ਹਨ. ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à© ਦ੠ਠੰਦਰ-ਠੰਦਰ ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨£à©à¨à¨ ਬਣਾà¨à¨£à¨¾ ਠਤ੠ਵਿਤà¨à¨°à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨ ਤà©à¨° ਤ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¯à©à¨à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, ਸੰਸਥਾà¨à¨¤ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, à¨à¨¸ ਤà©à¨ ਸਠਤà©à¨ à¨à¨¼à¨°à©à¨°à© à¨à©±à¨² à¨à¨¹ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ ਸੰਸਥਾ ਰਾਸ਼à¨à¨°à© à¨à¨¾à¨ ਠੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼à¨à¨°à© à¨à¨°à©à¨¡à¨¿à©°à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à© ਦ੠ਫà©à¨à¨¸ &#8216;ਤ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨ ਦਿੰਦ੠ਹà©. </p>
<p>à¨à¨¸ ਤà©à¨ à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨µà¨¾, à¨à©à¨ à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¹à¨°à¨£ ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¦à©à¨ 1950 ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤-ਨà©à¨ªà¨² à¨à©à¨à¨ªà¨²à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨, à¨à¨¾à¨à©à¨¦à¨¾à¨°à©, à¨à¨¾à¨à©à¨¦à¨¾à¨°à©, à¨à¨¾à¨à©à¨¦à¨¾à¨°à©, à¨à¨¾à¨à©à¨¦à¨¾à¨°à©, à¨à¨¾à¨à©à¨¦à¨¾à¨°à©, à¨à¨¾à¨à©à¨¦à¨¾à¨°à©, à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਠਤ੠ਨà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਵਿੱਠਹà©à¨ ਰਾਸ਼à¨à¨°à© à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨à© à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. </p>
<p><i>ਸਤਸ਼ਾਸà©à¨§à© ਦ੠ਸਰà¨à¨¾à¨° ਨ੠ਨà©à¨°à¨¾à¨²à©à¨ ਨ ਸà¨à©±à¨¡à©à¨à¨¼ ਸà©à¨à¨à¨° à¨à¨« ਨà©à¨°à¨¾à¨²à©à¨ ਨ ਸà¨à©±à¨¡à© ਸà©à¨à¨à¨° ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨.</i></p>
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ਨੇਪਾਲ ਅਤੇ ਭਾਰਤ ਦਰਮਿਆਨ ਵਿਦਿਅਕ ਸੰਬੰਧ

