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<p>à¨à©à¨à© à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨ ਨਵਾਠਵਰਤਾਰਾ ਨਹà©à¨ ਹà©. 1800s (à¨à© à¨à© ਪਿਤਾ ਦ੠ਪਿਤਾ) ਦ੠ਡਰ ਠਤ੠ਠਸਪਸ਼ਠà¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨°à¨£ ਦਾ à¨à¨¡à¨µà¨°à¨¡ à¨à©à¨¨à¨° ਦ੠ਸਮà©à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਬਾਠਦ ਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ. à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨°à¨£ ਦ੠methods ੰਠà¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨ ਸਨ ਠਤ੠ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° à¨à¨¨à¨¤à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à©°à¨¸à¨¾ ਦ੠ਨਾਲ ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਮਿਲ੠ਸਨ. à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¹à¨°à¨£ ਦ੠ਲà¨, à¨à©à¨¨à©à¨° ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨®à©à©±à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨à© ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨à¨ªà©à¨à¨¸ à¨à¨à¨® ਤà©à¨ ਸà¨à©à¨°à©à¨ªà¨¿à©°à¨ ਸਮੱà¨à¨°à© ਸ਼ਾਮਲ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨ ਸ੠ਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ªà¨¤à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾ ਦ੠ਬਾà¨à¨¹ à¨à©±à¨¤à© à¨à©à©±à¨²à© à¨à¨à©à¨¤à© ਵਿੱਠਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨ ਸà©. à¨à¨¸ à¨à©±à¨à© method ੰਠਦ੠ਨਤà©à¨à© ਵà¨à©à¨ ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਦਰਦ, ਬà©à¨à¨¾à¨° ਠਤ੠ਸਥਾਨਠਲਾਠਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©±à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਤਿੰਨ ਮਹà©à¨¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਤੱਠਦ੠ਬਰਾਮਦà¨à© ਦ੠ਮਿà¨à¨¦ ਵਿੱਠਵਾਧਾ ਹà©à¨à¨. ਠà¨à¨¿à¨¹à© ਤà¨à¨¼à¨°à¨¬à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨°à¨£ ਵਿਰà©à©±à¨§ ਮ੠early ਲ੠ਵਿਰà©à¨§ ਲਠਯà©à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ ਪਾà¨à¨. à¨à©à¨à© ਵ੠ਦà¨à¨²à¨ ੰਦਾà¨à¨¼à© ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨ à¨à©à¨¹à¨£ ਨà©à©° ਵ੠à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਸਰà¨à¨°à©, ਸ੠ਪ੠à¨à¨°, à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨®à¨°à¨à©à¨à¨¸à© ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¿à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨. ਲà©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਰà©à¨à¨¥à¨¾à¨® ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à© ਨà©à©° ਦà©à¨à¨£à¨¾ ਮà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨à¨² ਲੱà¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ ਬਿਮਾਰà©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਵਿਰà©à©±à¨§ à¨à¨¹ ਵà©à¨à¨£à¨¾ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¦à© ਨਹà©à¨ ਵà©à¨ ਸà¨à¨¦à© (à¨à© à¨à©à¨à¨¾ ਲà¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ). ਵਿਠੰà¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨ à¨à©±à¨² à¨à¨¹ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ ਪਿà¨à¨²à© à¨à©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਸਫਲਤਾਵਾਠਬਿਮਾਰ੠ਦ੠ਦਿੱਠਵਿਠà¨à¨¿à¨°à¨¾à¨µà¨ ਨਾਲ ਬਿਮਾਰ੠ਠਤ੠à¨à¨°à©à¨°à©, ਠਣà¨à¨¾à¨£à© ਵਿਠਠੱਠਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਤਠਧà©à¨à©à¨¬à¨¾à¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ.</p>
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<p>1998 ਤà©à¨ ਬਾਠਦ à¨à¨à¨¡à¨°à¨¿. ਵà©à¨«à¨¿à¨²à¨¡ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਤà©à¨ ਬਾਠਦ, à¨à¨§à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨à¨à©-à¨à©à¨à¨¾ ਲਹਿਰ ਨ੠ਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨£ à¨à¨¤à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ªà¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਿਠà¨à¨¸à¨°à¨¾, à¨à¨£à¨¥à¨¾à¨®à¨²à¨¾, ਠਤ੠à¨à¨®à¨à¨®à¨à¨°à¨à©à¨²à¨¾ (à¨à¨®à¨à¨®à¨à¨°) à¨à©à¨à¨¾ à¨à¨à©à¨®à¨¿à¨¨à¨¾ ਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨ ੠ਬਣਾਠà¨à¨. ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿ ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਵਾਪਸ ਲ੠ਲਿਠà¨à¨¿à¨ ਸ੠ਠਤ੠ਬਦਨਾਮ੠ਸà©, à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© ਸ਼ੱਠਦ੠ਬà©à¨ ਬà©à¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à© ਠੱਠਤੱਠਰਿਹਾ. à¨à¨¸ ਮà©à©±à¨¦à© ਨà©à©° ਮਿਸ਼ਰਿਤ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾, à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨ªà©à¨°à©à¨ ਵਿਰà©à¨§à© ਠਤ੠à¨à¨²à¨¤ à¨à¨¾à¨£à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਮà©à¨¹à¨¿à©°à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨¨à¨¤à¨ à¨à¨°à©±à¨¸à¨ ਨà©à©° ਹà©à¨° ਮਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨ ਹà©. ਸà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨² ਮà©à¨¡à©à¨ ਪਲà©à¨à¨«à¨¾à¨°à¨® ਦ੠à¨à¨à¨£ ਨ੠ਸਾà¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼ ਦ੠ਸਿਧਾà¨à¨¤ ਨà©à©° ਵਧਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਹà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨਾਲ à¨à¨²à¨¤ ਠਤ੠ਵਿà¨à¨ªà¨ ਤà©à¨° ਤ੠ਫà©à¨²à¨£ ਲਠà¨à¨²à¨¤ à¨à¨¾à¨£à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਦਿੱਤ੠à¨à¨. In particular, to maximize the engagement of the AI-operated algorithm user and inadvertently see the algorithm designed to see the algorithm inadvertently promoted sensory materials, including anti-vaccine stories, leading to increase in vaccine hesitation.</p>
<h4 class="sub_head">à¨à¨¸à¨°à¨¾ </h4>
<p>à¨à¨¸à¨°à¨¾ ਦਾ à¨à©à¨à¨¾ ਪਹਿਲਾਠ1963 ਵਿਠà¨à©à¨¨ à¨à¨à¨¡à¨°à¨à¨¼ ਠਤ੠ਥਾਮਸ ਸà©. ਵਿà¨à©à©à© ਤà©à¨ ਬਾਠਦ 154 ਵਿਠਵਾà¨à¨°à¨¸ 1954 ਵਿਠਵਿà¨à¨¸à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©. ਬਾਠਦ ਵਿਠ1968 ਵਿਠਮà©à¨°à¨¿à¨¸ ਪਹਾà©à©à¨®à©à¨¨ ਨ੠ਸà©à¨§à¨¾à¨° ਲਿਠà¨à¨¿à¨, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨ੠ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਤ à¨à¨¡à¨®à©°à¨¸à¨à¨¸à¨à¨¨-à¨à¨à¨¡à¨°à¨¸ à¨à¨¿à¨à¨¾à¨ ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨà©à©° ਹà©à¨£ à¨à©à¨à© ਵਿਠਵਰਤਿਠà¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©. ਹà©à¨° ਸà¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਸ਼ਵਾਰà¨à¨¼ (RAB7, à¨à¨à©-ਸà©, à¨à©à¨® -70) ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ, à¨à© à¨à¨¿ ਪਿà¨à¨²à© ਠਡਾਮà©à¨¨à¨¸à¨à¨¨ ਬ੠à¨à¨¿à¨à¨¾à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ªà¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ. à¨à¨¹ ਲਾà¨à¨µ à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨¬ ਹà©à¨à¨à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨²à© ਠਸਾਮà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨à¨¾à¨§à¨¿à¨à¨¾à¨° à¨à¨¸à¨°à¨¾ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à© à¨à¨¾à¨ ਸੰà¨à©à¨ à¨à©à¨à© ਦ੠à¨à¨®à¨à¨° (à¨à¨¸à¨°à¨¾-ਪà©à¨à¨à¨²à¨à¨¸-ਰà©à¨¬à© &#8211; ਰà©à¨¬à¨¿à©±à¨²à¨¾) ਦ੠ਰà©à¨ª ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨ªà¨²à¨¬à¨§ ਹਨ, à¨à© ਲੰਬ੠ਮਿà¨à¨¦ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ. </p>
<p>à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਵਿà¨, à¨à¨¸à¨°à¨¾ à¨à¨ ਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨£ ਬਿਮਾਰ੠ਹà©, ਠਤ੠ਸਰà¨à¨¾à¨° ਮਨà¨à¨¼à©à¨°-à¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨°à¨£ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨® ਦ੠ਹਿੱਸ੠ਵà¨à©à¨ ਬਰਸਾà¨-ਰà©à¨¬à©à¨²à¨¾ (à¨à¨®à¨à¨°à¨¡à©) à¨à©à¨à¨¾ ਮà©à¨¹à©±à¨à¨ à¨à¨°à¨µà¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©. ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨µà©à¨ ਸà©à¨à¨à¨° à¨à¨¸à¨°à¨¾, à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨ ਠਤ੠ਰà©à¨¬à©à¨²à¨¾ (à¨à¨®à¨à¨®à¨à¨°) à¨à©à¨à¨¾ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, à¨à© ਵਿà¨à¨ªà¨ ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. ਦà©à¨µà©à¨ à¨à©à¨à© ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਤ ਹਨ ਠਤ੠ਦ੠à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨¾à¨ ਲਠ97% ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¸à¨¼à©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ (100 à¨à©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਲਠਲà©à¨, 97 ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਤ ਹਨ). ਦà©à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¸à¨°à¨¾ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨ ਮਨà©à©±à¨à¨¾à¨ ਲਠਵਾà¨à¨°à¨¸ à¨à©°à¨¡à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਲਠਹਨ, à¨à© à¨à¨¾à¨¨à¨µà¨°à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©°à¨¡à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨ ਹà©, à¨à© à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à© ਲਠà¨à¨®à©à¨¦à¨µà¨¾à¨° ਵà¨à©à¨ ਰੱà¨à¨¦à© ਹà©. ਪਿà¨à¨²à© ਸੰà¨à¨°à¨®à¨£ ਲੰਬ੠ਸਮà©à¨ ਲਠà¨à©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à© ਹ੠à¨à¨ ਹà©, ਠਤ੠ਦà©à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨²à© à¨à©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਲਠà¨à¨ªà¨²à¨¬à¨§ ਹà©. à¨à©à¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à© ਵਿਠà¨à¨²à©à¨¬à¨² ਸਫਲਤਾ à¨à¨¸à¨°à¨¾ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¼à¨¤à¨® à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦ੠ਸਮਰੱਥਾ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©. </p>
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<p>ਯà©à¨¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¿à¨¡ ਸà¨à©à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠ਹਾਲ ਹ੠ਦ੠à¨à¨¸à¨°à¨¾ ਦਾ ਫà©à¨²à¨£à¨¾, à¨à¨¡à¨µà¨¾à¨à¨¸à¨¡ ਹà©à¨²à¨¥à¨à©à¨ ਰ ਬà©à¨¨à¨¿à¨à¨¦à© infrastructure ਾà¨à¨à© ਨਾਲ à¨à¨ ਰਾਸ਼à¨à¨°, à¨à©à¨à© à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਨਤà©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਠੰਡਰà©à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. à¨à¨¹ ਪà©à¨¨à¨° à¨à¨¥à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਸਮਾà¨à¨¿à¨ ਠਸਮਾਨਤਾਵਾਠਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ ਨਹà©à¨ ਹà©, ਪਰ ਠà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨²à¨¤ à¨à¨¾à¨£à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਦ੠ਠਧਾਰ ਤ੠ਪà©à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. à¨à¨¹ ਮà¨à¨¼à¨¬à©à¨¤ ​​à¨à¨¨à¨¤à¨ ਸਿਹਤ ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨à© à¨à¨°à©±à¨¸à¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਮà¨à¨¼à¨¬à©à¨¤ ​​à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦ੠ਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨£ à¨à¨¼à¨°à©à¨°à¨¤ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. à¨à¨¸à¨°à¨¾ ਦ੠ਪà©à¨¨à¨° à¨à¨¥à¨¾à¨¨ ਦ੠ਤà©à¨¬à¨°à¨¤à¨¾ ਸਪਸ਼ਠਹà©, à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਰਾਬਰਠà¨à¨«. à¨à©à¨¨à©à¨¡à© à¨à©à¨¨à©à¨ ਰ ਵਰà¨à© à¨à©à¨à© ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨®à©à©±à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨° à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à©à¨¨à©à¨¡à© à¨à©à¨¨à©à¨ ਰ ਵ੠à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਰà©à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨²à¨à¨¾ ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹà©. à¨à¨¸à© ਤਰà©à¨¹à¨¾à¨, ਯà©à¨¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¡ à¨à¨¿à©°à¨à¨¡à¨® ਦ੠ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨°à¨¬à© ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨à©à¨ªà¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਮਿਡ -2000 ਦ੠ਦਹਾà¨à© ਵਿੱਠà¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨°à¨£ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਦਰਾਠਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¿à¨°à¨¾à¨µà¨ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ à¨à¨°à©à© ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨à©à¨²à©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ ਹà©. à¨à¨¹ ਵਿਠੰà¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ ਯà©à¨à¨¸à¨, à¨à¨ ਵਾਰ à¨à¨¦à©à¨ à¨à¨ ਵਾਰ à¨à¨ ਬਿਲà¨-à¨à¨¨ à¨à¨«à¨¼à¨¤ ਤ੠ਪਹà©à©°à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, à¨à¨¿à©±à¨¥à© ਵਿਲà©à¨ ਰਡ ਠà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨ ਠà¨à¨¿à¨¹à© ਬਿਮਾਰ੠ਨà©à©° ਮà©à© ਸà©à¨°à¨à©à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©, à¨à¨à©±à¨²à© à¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਸਾਬਤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠà¨à¨¾à¨«à¨¼à© ਨਹà©à¨ ਹà©.</p>
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<div class="comments-shares share-page flex print-hide" data-artid="69368488" data-title="Triumph to tragedy: When vaccine success meets wilful ignorance" data-url="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/triumph-to-tragedy-when-vaccine-success-meets-wilful-ignorance/article69368488.ece">
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