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<p>1913 ਦਾ ਸਰà©à¨° ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਮà©à¨¡à©à¨¸à¨¨ ਦਾ ਨà©à¨¬à¨² ਪà©à¨°à¨¸à¨à¨¾à¨° à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨²à¨¸ ਰਿਸ਼à©à¨ ਨà©à©° &#8220;à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨«à¨¾à¨à¨²à©à¨à¨¸à¨¿à¨¸ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© à¨à©°à¨® ਦ੠ਮਾਨਤਾ ਵà¨à©à¨&#8221; ਦਿੱਤਾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© à¨à©à¨ ਨ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਵਿਰà©à¨§à¨¾à¨à¨¾à¨¸à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨ ਦਾ ਪਰਦਾਫਾਸ਼ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠਸਰà©à¨° ਦ੠ਰੱà¨à¨¿à¨, à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਰੱà¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦ੠ਬà¨à¨¾à¨, à¨à©°à¨à©à¨° ਨਤà©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨਾਲ ਵੱਧ ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à¨¿à¨°à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨° ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¹ à¨à©à¨ à¨à¨®à¨¯à©à¨¨à©à¨²à©à¨à© ਠਤ੠à¨à¨²à¨°à¨à© ਸੰਬੰਧ੠ਬਿਮਾਰà©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨§à¨¾à¨° ਬਣ à¨à¨à¥¤</p>
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<h4 class="sub_head">ਠਰੰਠਦਾ à¨à©à¨µà¨¨</h4>
<p>à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨²à¨¸ ਰਾਬਰਠਰਿਸ਼à©à¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨¨à¨® 26 ਠà¨à¨¸à¨¤, 1850 ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨¿à¨¸, ਫਰਾà¨à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠਹà©à¨à¨ ਸà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¹ à¨à©±à¨ ਡਾà¨à¨à¨°à© ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਤà©à¨ à¨à¨à¨ ਸ੠&#8211; à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਪਿਤਾ, ਠਲਫà©à¨°à©à¨¡ ਰਿà¨à©à¨, à¨à©±à¨ ਸਰà¨à¨¨ ਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨°à©à¨«à©à¨¸à¨° ਸਨ। à¨à¨®à¨¯à©à¨¨à©à¨²à©à¨à© ਤà©à¨ à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨µà¨¾, à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© ਸਰà©à¨° ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨, ਮਨà©à¨µà¨¿à¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਠਤ੠ਨਿà¨à¨°à©à¨¸à¨¾à¨à©°à¨¸ ਸਮà©à¨¤ ਵਿਸ਼ਿà¨à¨ ਦਾ ਵ੠ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾à¥¤ à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¿à¨¸ ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© ਵਿੱਠਦਵਾਠਦਾ ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾, à¨à¨¿à©±à¨¥à© à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© ਸਰà©à¨° ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨, à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°à©à¨²à© ਪਦਾਰਥਾਠਠਤ੠ਸਰà©à¨° ਦ੠ਰੱà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¤à¨®à¨ ਵਿਧà©à¨à¨ ਨਾਲ à¨à©±à¨ ਮà©à¨¹ ਪà©à¨¦à¨¾ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾à¥¤ à¨à¨ªà¨£à© à¨à¨°à©à¨ ਰ ਦ੠ਸ਼à©à¨°à© ਵਿੱà¨, ਰਿà¨à©à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨¹ ਸਮà¨à¨£ &#8216;ਤ੠ਧਿà¨à¨¨ à¨à©à¨à¨¦à¨°à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¾à¨¨à¨µà¨° à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à© à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° à¨à¨¹ ਦà©à¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ ਵਾਰ-ਵਾਰ à¨à¨à¨¸à¨ªà©à¨à¨° ਨਾਲ à¨à¨ ਵਾਰ ਪਹਿਲ੠ਮà©à¨à¨¾à¨¬à¨²à© ਨਾਲà©à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨¤à© à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨¦à¨¾ à¨à©°à¨à©à¨° ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ।</p>
<p>à¨à¨¹à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਨਿਰà©à¨à¨£à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠ਯà©à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨¬à©±à¨§ ਢੰਠਨਾਲ ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਦਿਲà¨à¨¸à¨ªà© ਪà©à¨¦à¨¾ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¨à©à©° à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© ਬਾਠਦ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨«à¨¾à¨à¨²à©à¨à¨¸à¨¿à¨¸ ਵà¨à©à¨ ਪਰਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾à¥¤ ਰਿà¨à©à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨¹à¨¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¼à¨¤à¨°à¨¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਪਿੱà¨à© ਸਿਧਾà¨à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਨਿਯੰਤਰਿਤ ਪà©à¨°à¨¯à©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਸੰà¨à¨¾à¨²à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠਸਾਲ ਬਿਤਾà¨à¥¤</p>
<h4 class="sub_head">ਰਿà¨à©à¨¤ ਦਾ ਵੱਡਾ ਯà©à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ ਸà©</h4>
<p>ਰਿà¨à©à¨ ਦ੠ਸਫਲਤਾ 1902 ਵਿੱਠਫਰਾà¨à¨¸à©à¨¸à© à¨à©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à©, ਪà©à¨² ਪà©à¨°à¨à©à¨ ਰ ਦ੠ਸਹਿਯà©à¨ ਨਾਲ ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¯à©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ à¨à¨ ਸà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠à¨à©à©±à¨¤à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨²à©à¨«à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼ ਠਤ੠ਸਮà©à©°à¨¦à¨°à© à¨à¨¨à©à¨®à©à¨¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨° ਦਾ ਸਾਹਮਣਾ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾à¥¤ ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿ ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨à¨¤à© à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨¾à¨ ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਹਲà¨à© ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µ ਪà©à¨¦à¨¾ à¨à¨°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ, ਪਰ ਬਾਠਦ ਦ੠à¨à¨à¨¸à¨ªà©à¨à¨° à¨à¨ ਵਾਰ ਹਿੰਸਠਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠਸਦਮਾ ਠਤ੠ਮà©à¨¤ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹà©à¥¤</p>
<p>ਰਿà¨à©à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨¹à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਨਤà©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਦਾ ਦਸਤਾਵà©à¨à¨¼à©à¨à¨°à¨¨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ ਠਤ੠à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨¸ ਸਰà©à¨°à¨ ਵਰਤਾਰ੠ਨà©à©° ਮਾਨਤਾ ਦਿੱਤà©: à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨«à¨¾à¨à¨²à©à¨à¨¸à¨¿à¨¸à¥¤ à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© à¨à¨¸à¨¨à©à©° ਯà©à¨¨à¨¾à¨¨à© &#8220;ਠਨਾ-&#8221; (ਵਿਪਰà©à¨¤) ਠਤ੠&#8220;ਫਾà¨à¨²à©à¨à¨¸à¨¿à¨¸&#8221; (ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨) ਤà©à¨ ਨਾਮ ਦਿੱਤਾ, à¨à¨¸ à¨à©±à¨² &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à¨¼à©à¨° ਦਿੱਤਾ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਸਿਸà¨à¨® à¨à©±à¨ ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਦ੠ਬà¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨à¨¦à©à¨¹ ਢੰਠਨਾਲ à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨¬ ਦ੠ਸà¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤</p>
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<p>à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨²à¨¸ ਰਿà¨à©à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਸਿਸà¨à¨® ਦ੠ਸਮਠਨà©à©° ਬà©à¨¨à¨¿à¨à¨¦à© ਤà©à¨° &#8216;ਤ੠ਬਦਲ ਦਿੱਤਾ. ਠੱà¨, à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨«à¨¾à¨à¨²à©à¨à¨¸à¨¿à¨¸ ਨà©à©° à¨à©±à¨ ਮà©à¨¡à©à¨à¨² à¨à¨®à¨°à¨à©à¨à¨¸à© ਵà¨à©à¨ ਮਾਨਤਾ ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ªà¨¤ ਹà©, ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨¨ ਲਠਪà©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à©à¨² ਸਿੱਧ੠ਤà©à¨° &#8216;ਤ੠ਰਿà¨à©à¨ ਦ੠ਸà©à¨ ਨà©à©° ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ। à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨, ਰà©à¨à¨¥à¨¾à¨® à¨à¨ªà¨¾à¨ , ਠਤ੠à¨à¨²à¨°à¨à© ਦ੠ਦà©à¨à¨à¨¾à¨² ਵਿੱਠਮਰà©à¨à¨¼ ਦ੠ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਸਠà¨à¨¸à¨¦à© à¨à©°à¨® &#8216;ਤ੠ਠਧਾਰਤ ਹਨ।</p>
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ਚਾਰਲਸ ਰਿਚੇਟ ਅਤੇ ਗੰਭੀਰ ਐਲਰਜੀ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਤੀਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ ‘ਤੇ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਨੋਬਲ ਜੇਤੂ ਕੰਮ
