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<h4 class="sub_head">ਵਿਦਿਠਠਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਦਾ ਮਾਲ ਮਾਡਲ</h4>
<p>ਸੰਪਾਦà¨à© à¨à¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨¦à© ਨà©à©° ਬਣਾਠਰੱà¨à¨£ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨® ਰੱà¨à¨£ ਲਠਬਹà©à¨¤ ਸਾਰ੠ਸਮà©à¨-ਸਮà©à¨, à¨à©±à¨ ਬੰਦ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਹਾà¨à¨¬à©à¨°à¨¿à¨¡ ਮਾਡਲ (à¨à©à©±à¨²à© ਠਤ੠ਬੰਦ ਮਾੱਡਲਾਠਦਾ ਸà©à¨®à©à¨²), ਠà¨à¨¼à¨¬à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠ਰਸਾਲਿà¨à¨ ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¿à©±à¨¥à© ਪਾਠਠà¨à¨¾à¨ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਠਸਦੱਸਤਾ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ à¨à¨à¨¸à©à¨¸ ਤੱਠਪਹà©à©°à¨ ਦ੠ਪਹà©à©°à¨ ਲਠà¨à©à¨à¨¤à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ. ਬੰਦ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲ੠ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ ਰਸਾਲਿà¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¸à© ਮਾਡਲ ਦ੠ਪਾਲਣਾ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à¨ à©à¨° ਸਹਿਯà©à¨à© ਸਮà©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਯà¨à©à¨¨à© ਬਣਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ, ਪਰ à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਤੱਠਪਹà©à©°à¨ ਸà©à¨®à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ à¨à© à¨à¨¸ ਨà©à©° ਸਹਿ ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ. à¨à©à©±à¨²à© ਪਹà©à©°à¨ ਲà©à¨à¨à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾ ਵਿੱਤ੠ਬà©à¨ ਨà©à©° ਲà©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨¸à©à¨¸à¨¿à©°à¨ ਫà©à¨¸ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਬਦਲਦ੠ਹਨ, ਮà©à¨«à¨¤ à¨à¨¨à¨¤à¨ ਪਹà©à©°à¨ ਠਤ੠ਦਰਿਸ਼à¨à©à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾, ਪਾਠà¨à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠ਹਵਾਲਿà¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨à¨¿à¨ ਦਿੰਦ੠ਹਨ. à¨à©±à¨ ਹਵਾਲ੠à¨à©±à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾ ਦ੠à¨à¨-à¨à©°à¨¡à©à¨à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠਸà©à¨§à¨¾à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à¨¹à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠ਸà©à¨µà© ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨°à©à¨ ਰ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਸੰà¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਮà¨à¨¼à¨¬à©à¨¤ ​​à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©. à¨à¨¦à©à¨ à¨à©à©±à¨²à© ਪਹà©à©°à¨ ਲà©à¨à¨¤à©°à¨¤à¨°à© à¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਵਿà¨à¨ªà¨ ਸਰà©à¨¤à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, ਤਾਠà¨à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨®à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ. ਸ਼ਿà¨à¨¾à¨° ਰਸਾਲ੠ਹੰà¨à¨° ਦ੠ਸਹਿਯà©à¨à© ਸਮà©à¨à¨¿à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਸਮà©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਨà¨à¨¼à¨°à¨ ੰਦਾà¨à¨¼ à¨à¨°à¨à© à¨à¨¸ ਮਾਡਲ ਦਾ ਸ਼à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©à¨ ਹà©à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨°à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à©±à¨ ਫà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨²à¨¤ à¨à¨¾à¨£à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਦ੠ਨਾਲ ਵਿੱਦਿਠਠਲਠ​​à¨à©±à¨ ਫà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ.</p>
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<p>									à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à© ਲà¨, ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਦà©-ਪਰà¨à¨°à© ਤਲਵਾਰ ਬਣ à¨à¨ ਹà©.</p></div>
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<h4 class="sub_head">ਹੰà¨à¨° ਰਸਾਲ੠à¨à© ਹਨ?</h4>
<p>ਹੰà¨à¨° ਮà©à¨à¨à¨¼à©à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਸà¨à¨¤ ਸੰਪਾਦà¨à© ਮਿà¨à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਬਿਨਾਠà¨à©°à¨® à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¼ ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ ਪਲà©à¨à¨«à¨¾à¨°à¨® ਵà¨à©à¨ ਵà©à¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. à¨à¨¹ ਰਸਾਲਾਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਪà©à¨°à©à¨¸à©à¨¸à¨¿à©°à¨ ਫà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਬਦਲ੠ਤà©à¨à¨¼à© ਨਾਲ ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦਾ ਵਾਠਦਾ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, ਪਬਲਿਸ਼ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਦਬਾਠਹà©à¨ ਨà©à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨¨ ਠਤ੠ਤà¨à¨°à¨¬à©à¨à¨¾à¨° à¨à©à¨à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਾ ਬਣਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©à¨. ਮਸ਼ਹà©à¨° ਰਸਾਲਿà¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨²à¨, à¨à© ਸਹਿਯà©à¨à© ਸਮà©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਲਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਨਾਲ ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à©à¨¤à©à¨à¨ à¨à¨à¨à¨, ਸ਼ਿà¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਰਸਾਲ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨ ਯà©à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਦ੠ਪਰਵਾਹ à¨à©à¨¤à© ਬਿਨਾਠà¨à¨¿à¨¸à© ਵ੠à¨à©à¨ ਨà©à©° ਸਵà©à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ. à¨à¨¹ ਸਾਰ੠ਹਿੰਦ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਦ੠ਠà¨à©à¨°à¨²à© ਹਿੱਸ੠&#8216;ਤ੠à¨à©à¨ ਦਾ ਬà©à¨à¨¾à¨¬à© ਪà©à¨°à¨µà¨¾à¨¹.</p>
<p>à¨à©à¨ à¨à¨®à¨¾à¨¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨°à© ਬਣਾਠਰੱà¨à¨£ ਲਠਸ਼ਿà¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਰਸਾਲਿà¨à¨ ਦ੠ਪà¨à¨¾à¨£ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ ਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨¨ ਹà©. à¨à¨¹ ਸਹਿਮਤ੠ਬà¨à©à¨° à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਸੰਪਾਦà¨à© ਬà©à¨°à¨¡à¨¾à¨ &#8216;ਤ੠ਸਨਮਾਨਿਤ à¨à©à¨à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਸà©à¨à© ਦ੠ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਨਿਰਧਾਰਤ à¨à©à¨°-ਮà©à¨à©à¨¦ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à© ਨà©à©° ਨਿਰਧਾਰਤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਨਿਰਧਾਰਤ ਨਹà©à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à©. ਤਸਵà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਠਣà¨à¨¾à¨¹à© à¨à¨®à©à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਹਮਲਾਵਰ ਤਰà©à¨à© ਨਾਲ ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, ਪਬਲà©à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਫà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਬਾਰ੠ਲà©à¨à¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਲà©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à©°à¨®à¨°à¨¾à¨¹ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲ੠ਹਨ. ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਸਾਰ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਸà¨à©à¨ªà¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਵà©à©±à¨¬ ਦ੠ਵੱà¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਡà©à¨à¨¾à¨¬à©à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨²à¨¤ ਦਾਠਵਾ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ.</p>
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<h4 class="sub_head">ਸੱਠਦਾ ro à¨à¨¾</h4>
<p>ਹੰà¨à¨° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ à¨à©±à¨ ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ ਮà©à©±à¨¦à© ਤà©à¨ ਵੱਧ ਹà©; à¨à¨¹ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨£, à¨à©à©°à¨®à¨°à¨¾à¨¹ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠ਪਾਲਿਸ੠ਨਿਰਮਾਤਾਵਾਠਠਤ੠ਡਾà¨à¨à¨°à© ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨µà¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠ਬਾਲਣ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨²à¨¤ à¨à¨¾à¨£à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹà©. ਸਿੱà¨à© ਦ੠ਸਮà©à¨, ਸਿà¨à¨¸à¨¤à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠ਮà©à¨¡à©à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਹਵਾਲਾ ਦਿੱਤ੠à¨à¨ ਹੰà¨à¨° ਰਸਾਲਿà¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਠਣ-ਠਧਿà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ à¨à¨ªà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠ਹੰà¨à¨° ਰਸਾਲਿà¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਠਣਠਧਿà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ à¨à¨ªà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¤à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¹à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲ੠ਸ਼ੱà¨à© ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¤à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¹à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲ੠ਸ਼ੱà¨à© ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਵà©à¨à© ਠਤ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¨à¨¤à¨ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਾਸ ਨà©à©° ਮਿà¨à¨¾ ਦਿੱਤਾ. ਮਸ਼ਹà©à¨° ਰਸਾਲਿà¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨²à¨, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨਾਲ ਫਲ੠ਹà©à¨ à¨à©à¨, ਹੰà¨à¨° ਰਸਾਲ੠ਬਹà©à¨¤ à¨à©±à¨ ਸà©à¨§à¨¾à¨° à¨à¨¾à¨°à© à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ à¨à¨²à¨¤ à¨à¨¾à¨£à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨. à¨à¨¹ ਸਮੱਸਿਠà¨à¨²à©à¨¬à¨² ਸਿਹਤ, ਨà©à¨¤à© ਠਤ੠à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲ੠ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਪਰ੠ਹà©. à¨à¨¨à¨«à©à¨¡à©à¨¡à©à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠ਯà©à©±à¨ ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¹ ਰਸਾਲਿà¨à¨ à¨à©à¨à©, ਮà©à¨¸à¨® ਵਿੱਠਤਬਦà©à¨²à© ਠਤ੠ਦਵਾਠ&#8216;ਤ੠à¨à©à¨ ੠ਦਾਠਵਿà¨à¨ ਦ੠ਫà©à¨²à¨£ ਨà©à©° ਤà©à¨à¨¼à© ਲà©à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ, ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¨à¨¤à¨ ਤà©à¨° ਤ੠ਵਿਸ਼ਵਾਸ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨®à¨à¨¼à©à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ</p>
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</div>
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ਘੁਟਾਲਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ: ਹੰਟਰ ਮੈਗਜ਼ੀਨਜ਼ ਅਤੇ ਅਕਾਦਮਿਕ ਰੈਟਸ ਰੇਸ ਦੀ ਦੌੜ ਪ੍ਰੀਮੀਅਮ

