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<h4 class="sub_head">Ehrlich ਠਤ੠humoral à¨à©à¨</h4>
<p>à¨à¨¹à¨°à¨²à¨¿à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©°à¨® ਨ੠à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਡਿਫà©à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਵੱà¨à¨°à© ਪਹਿਲ੠ਨà©à©° ਸੰਬà©à¨§à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾à¥¤ à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°à©à¨²à© ਤੱਤਾà¨, à¨à¨à¨à©à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨¿à¨¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾, à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¸à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿ ਸà©à©±à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨¸ ਠਣ੠ਬਣਤਰ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹਨ &#8211; à¨à© à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਸਾà¨à¨¡-à¨à©à¨¨ ਥਿà¨à¨°à© ਵਿੱਠਵਰਣਨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸ੠&#8211; à¨à© à¨à¨¿ ਵਿਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à© ਪਦਾਰਥਾਠਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨£à¨µà©à¨ ਰà©à¨ª ਵਿੱਠਬੰਨà©à¨¹ ਸà¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¦à©à¨ à¨à¨¹ ਬਣਤਰ à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨£à©à¨à¨ ਨਾਲ à¨à©±à¨²à¨¬à¨¾à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, ਤਾਠਸà©à©±à¨² ਵਾਧ੠à¨à¨¾à¨ªà©à¨à¨ ਬਣਾ à¨à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à¨¿à¨°à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à© à¨à¨à¨à©à¨¬à¨¾à¨¡à©à¨à¨¼ ਦ੠ਰà©à¨ª ਵਿੱਠà¨à©à¨¨ ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨µà¨¾à¨¹ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©±à¨¡à© à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ।</p>
<p>ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿ ਬਾਠਦ ਵਿੱਠਸà©à¨§à¨¾à¨°à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨, à¨à¨¸ ਸਿਧਾà¨à¨¤ ਨ੠ਵਿਸ਼à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¤à¨¾ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¦à¨°à© ਸੰà¨à¨²à¨ª ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾, à¨à¨¹ ਸਮà¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨°à©à¨§à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਵੱà¨-ਵੱਠà¨à¨°à¨¾à¨¸à©à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਫਰਠà¨à¨° ਸà¨à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ ਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨£à© à¨à¨à¨¸à¨ªà©à¨à¨° ਦ੠ਯਾਦ ਨà©à©° ਬਰà¨à¨°à¨¾à¨° ਰੱਠਸà¨à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ। à¨à¨¹à¨°à¨²à¨¿à¨ ਦ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠ਦੱਸਿਠà¨à¨¿ à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨¿à¨à© à¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨¸à¨¿à¨µ à¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠà¨à©±à¨ ਮà¨à©à¨¨à©à¨à¨² ਵਿà¨à¨à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©à¨, ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਾ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¿à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਹ੠ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹà©à¥¤</p>
<p>à¨à¨¹à¨°à¨²à¨¿à¨ ਨ੠ਸਿਧਾà¨à¨¤ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨²à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨à¨² ਨਵà©à¨¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਵਿੱਠਵ੠ਠਨà©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾à¥¤ ਸਲਵਰਸਨ ਦਾ à¨à¨¹à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸ &#8211; ਸਿਫਿਲਿਸ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨ªà©à¨¨à©à¨¸à©à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¸à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਰà¨à©à¨à¨ ਹà©à¨° ਲਾà¨à¨¾à¨ ਲਠਪਹਿਲ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨²à© &#8216;ਮà©à¨à¨¿à¨ ਬà©à¨²à©à¨&#8217; à¨à©à¨®à©à¨¥à©à¨°à©à¨ªà© &#8211; à¨à©±à¨ ਦਵਾਠਤਿà¨à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦ੠ਪਹਿਲ੠ਯà©à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨¬à©±à¨§ à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼ ਨà©à©° ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹ੠à¨à© ਮà©à¨à¨¼à¨¬à¨¾à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©à¨ à¨à©à¨£à¨µà©à¨ ਤà©à¨° &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨¸à©à¨® ਨà©à©° ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਾ ਬਣਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¸ à¨à©°à¨® ਨ੠à¨à©à¨®à©à¨¥à©à¨°à©à¨ªà© ਦ੠ਸਿਧਾà¨à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਸਥਾਪਨਾ à¨à©à¨¤à© ਠਤ੠ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਾ ਥà©à¨°à©à¨ªà© ਦਾ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨° ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾, à¨à© à¨à¨§à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨ ਫਾਰਮਾà¨à©à¨²à©à¨à© ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¨à¨à©à¨²à©à¨à© ਲਠà¨à©à¨à¨¦à¨°à© ਹà©à¥¤</p>
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<p>										ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ à¨à©à¨à¨à¨¼: à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਸਿਸà¨à¨® &#8216;ਤà©</p></div>
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<h4 class="sub_head">ਨà©à¨¬à¨² ਮਾਨਤਾ </h4>
<p>ਨà©à¨¬à¨² à¨à¨®à©à¨à© ਨ੠ਸੰਯà©à¨à¨¤ ਤà©à¨° &#8216;ਤ੠1908 ਦਾ à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨® &#8220;à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨¿à¨à© &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© à¨à©°à¨® ਲà¨&#8221; ਦਿੱਤਾ, à¨à¨¹ ਮੰਨਦ੠ਹà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਸà©à¨²à©à¨²à¨° ਠਤ੠ਹਾਸà©à¨¹à©à¨£à© ਵਿਧ੠à¨à¨ªà¨¸à© ਵਿਸ਼à©à¨¸à¨¼ ਨਹà©à¨ ਸਨ ਪਰ ਪà©à¨°à¨ ਸਨ। à¨à¨¸ ਸਮà©à¨, ਮà©à¨à¨¨à©à¨à©à¨µ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¹à¨°à¨²à¨¿à¨ ਦ੠ਸਿਧਾà¨à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਨà©à©° ਵੰਡ ਦਿੱਤਾ। ਬਾਠਦ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©à¨ ਨ੠ਦਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਪà©à¨¦à¨¾à¨à¨¸à¨¼à© ਸà©à¨²à©à¨²à¨° ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠ਠਨà©à¨à©à¨² à¨à¨à¨à©à¨¬à¨¾à¨¡à©-ਵਿà¨à©à¨²à© à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨¬ à¨à¨à©±à¨ à© à¨à©°à¨® à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਸਿਸà¨à¨® ਬਣਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ।</p>
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<h4 class="sub_head">ਮà©à¨¡à©à¨à¨² ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¨à¨¤à¨ ਸਿਹਤ ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µ</h4>
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<h4 class="sub_head">ਸਥਾਠਵਿਰਾਸਤ</h4>
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 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid04', [728, 90], 'Desktop_AT_Mid04').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(12) && totalPcount.length >= (11 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('Desktop_AT_Mid04'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid04, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("large") && Number.isInteger(15) && totalPcount.length >= (14 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
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 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[15 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid05, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">if (totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(15) && totalPcount.length >= (14 + 3)) if (isDeviceEnabled("large")) googletag.cmd.push(function() 
 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid05', [728, 90], 'Desktop_AT_Mid05').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(15) && totalPcount.length >= (14 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('Desktop_AT_Mid05'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_AT_Mid05, publisher: The Hindu --></div>
<div class="d-block d-sm-none "><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (isDeviceEnabled("small")) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "MWeb_AT_Middle01", minHeight: '280px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[1 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle01, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">userIdentify.then(function() 
 if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('MWeb_AT_Middle01'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle01, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (isDeviceEnabled("small")) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad ", "Mweb_AT_Bottom01", minHeight: '280px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[3 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Mweb_AT_Bottom01, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">userIdentify.then(function() 
 if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('Mweb_AT_Bottom01'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Mweb_AT_Bottom01, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("small") && Number.isInteger(6) && totalPcount.length >= (5 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
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 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[6 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle02, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">if (totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(6) && totalPcount.length >= (5 + 3)) if (isDeviceEnabled("small")) googletag.cmd.push(function() 
 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle02', [[300,250],[336,280],[200,200],[250,250]], 'MWeb_AT_Middle02').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(6) && totalPcount.length >= (5 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('MWeb_AT_Middle02'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle02, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("small") && Number.isInteger(9) && totalPcount.length >= (8 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
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 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[9 - 1], container)
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 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle03', [[300,250],[336,280],[200,200],[250,250]], 'MWeb_AT_Middle03').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(9) && totalPcount.length >= (8 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('MWeb_AT_Middle03'););
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 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("small") && Number.isInteger(12) && totalPcount.length >= (11 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "MWeb_AT_Middle04", minHeight: '280px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[12 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle04, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">if (totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(12) && totalPcount.length >= (11 + 3)) if (isDeviceEnabled("small")) googletag.cmd.push(function() 
 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle04', [[300,250],[336,280],[200,200],[250,250]], 'MWeb_AT_Middle04').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(12) && totalPcount.length >= (11 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('MWeb_AT_Middle04'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle04, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">
 totalPcount = totalPcount || [];if (totalPcount.length > 0 && isDeviceEnabled("small") && Number.isInteger(15) && totalPcount.length >= (14 + 3)) var container = document.createElement("div");
 container.className = "article-ad";container.appendChild(createElementScript("div", "dfp-ad articleinlinead", "MWeb_AT_Middle05", minHeight: '280px'));
 insertElementEnd(totalPcount[15 - 1], container)
 </script><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle05, publisher: The Hindu --><script data-cfasync="false">if (totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(15) && totalPcount.length >= (14 + 3)) if (isDeviceEnabled("small")) googletag.cmd.push(function() 
 googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle05', [[300,250],[336,280],[200,200],[250,250]], 'MWeb_AT_Middle05').addService(googletag.pubads());
 );
 userIdentify.then(function() 
 if (isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser() && totalPcount.length > 0 && Number.isInteger(15) && totalPcount.length >= (14 + 3)) googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('MWeb_AT_Middle05'););
 );</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_AT_Middle05, publisher: The Hindu --></div>
</div>
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ਇਲਿਆ ਮੇਚਨੀਕੋਵ ਅਤੇ ਪਾਲ ਏਹਰਲਿਚ: ਨੋਬਲ ਪੁਰਸਕਾਰ ਜੇਤੂ ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਇਮਯੂਨੋਲੋਜੀ ਪ੍ਰੀਮੀਅਮ ਦੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਬੁਨਿਆਦ ਨੂੰ ਪਰਿਭਾਸ਼ਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ

