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<p>2-3 ਦਸੰਬਰ, 1984 ਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਤà©à¨°à¨¾à¨¸à¨¦à© ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨²à© ਸਾਲ ਬਾਠਦ, à¨à¨ ਸ੠à¨à¨¨ à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°à©à¨²à¨¾ ਰਹਿੰਦ-à¨à©à©°à¨¹à¨¦ ਠà¨à© ਵ੠ਠਣਸà©à¨à¨¾à¨µà©à¨ ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨ ਨ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¬à¨¾à¨à¨¡ ਪਲਾà¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¸-ਪਾਸ ਮà©à¨à©à¨¦ ਹà©à¥¤ ਨà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨² à¨à©à¨°à©à¨¨ à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨¬à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨² ਠਤ੠ਸà©à¨ªà¨°à©à¨® à¨à©à¨°à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਬਾਠਦ &#8211; ਸਥਾਨਠਲà©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨à©à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ à¨à¨ ਸਾਲਾਠਤà©à¨ à¨à©à©à© ਦ੠ਨਿਪà¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਲਠà¨à©à¨¤à©à¨à¨ à¨à¨à¨à¨ ਠਪà©à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਬਾਵà¨à©à¨¦, ਮੱਧ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼ ਸਰà¨à¨¾à¨° ਸਿਰਫ à¨à©±à¨ à¨à©à¨à© ਹਿੱਸ੠ਤà©à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾ ਪਾà¨à¨£ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨®à¨¯à¨¾à¨¬ ਰਹ੠ਹà©à¥¤</p>
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<h4 class="sub_head">ਤਬਾਹ੠ਨਾਲ à¨à¨¿à¨¹à©à© à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°à©à¨²à© ਪਦਾਰਥ à¨à©à©à© ਹà©à¨ ਹਨ?</h4>
<p>ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨ ਨ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¬à¨¾à¨à¨¡ à¨à©°à¨¡à©à¨ ਲਿਮà¨à¨¿à¨¡ (ਯà©à¨¸à©à¨à¨à¨à¨²) ਨ੠1960 ਦ੠ਦਹਾà¨à© ਦ੠ਠà¨à©à¨° ਵਿੱਠ1-ਨà©à¨«à¨¥à©à¨² ਦ੠ਨਾਲ ਮਿਥਾà¨à¨² à¨à¨à¨¸à©à¨¸à¨¾à¨à¨¨à©à¨ (MIC) ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨ ਦ੠ਵਰਤà©à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¬à¨°à¨¿à¨² ਨਾਮਠà¨à©à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨ ਬਣਾà¨à¨£ ਲਠà¨à©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਪਲਾà¨à¨ ਦਾ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾à¥¤ MIC à¨à©±à¨ ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਹ੠à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°à©à¨²à¨¾ ਮਿਸ਼ਰਣ ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¹ à¨à©±à¨ ਤਾਪਮਾਨ &#8216;ਤ੠ਪਾਣ੠ਨਾਲ ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠ਠਤ੠ਪਾਣ੠ਨਾਲ à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨°à¨®à© ਵ੠à¨à©±à¨¡à¨¦à© ਹà©à¥¤</p>
<p>2 ਦਸੰਬਰ, 1984 ਦ੠ਰਾਤ ਨà©à©°, ਪਾਣ੠ਦ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਵੱਡ੠ਮਾਤਰਾ ਪਲਾà¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠMIC ਸà¨à©à¨°à©à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਦਾà¨à¨² ਹ੠à¨à¨, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ MIC à¨à¨²à¨¦à© ਹ੠à¨à¨¬à¨² à¨à¨¿à¨à¥¤ ਪਲਾà¨à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਸਹà©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨à¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਠੰਡਾ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਬਦਲ ਦਿੱਤਾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨਾਲ MIC ਵਾਸ਼ਪ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਵਿੱਠਨਿà¨à¨² ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਸਨ ਠਤ੠ਪਲਾà¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨²à© ਦà©à¨à¨²à© ਦà©à¨à¨ ਬਸਤà©à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਫà©à¨² à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਸਨ। MIC ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à©à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ªà¨£ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à©à¨ ਵਿਸ਼à©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à©°à¨§ ਨਹà©à¨ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿à¨¸ &#8216;ਤ੠ਹà©à¨° à¨à©à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਨà¨à¨¼à¨° ਠਸà¨à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ ਪਰ à¨à¨¹ ਠੱà¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨²à¨£ ਦਾ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ ਬਣ ਸà¨à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ। ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿, à¨à©°à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਹਿਸਾਬ ਨਾਲ, à¨à©à¨¸ ਦ੠ਸੰਪਰਠਵਿੱਠà¨à¨ à¨à¨¼à¨¿à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¤à¨° ਲà©à¨ ਸà©à©±à¨¤à© ਹà©à¨ ਸਨ।</p>
<p>ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨ ਨ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¬à¨¾à¨à¨¡ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨ªà©à¨°à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨¦à© ਵ੠ਠਧਿà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਤà©à¨° &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à¨¹ ਨਹà©à¨ ਦੱਸਿਠà¨à¨¿ MIC ਸਮà©à¨¤ ਪਲਾà¨à¨ ਤà©à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨¹à©à©à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਲà©à¨ ਹà©à¨à¨à¨ ਹਨ। à¨à¨¸ ਫà©à¨¸à¨²à© ਨ੠ਸਿਹਤ à¨à¨°à¨®à¨à¨¾à¨°à©à¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¸ ਰਾਤ ਠਤ੠ਠà¨à¨²à© ਦਿਨ à¨à©à¨ªà¨¾à¨² ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨²à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠ਹਸਪਤਾਲਾਠਵਿੱਠà¨à¨à¨£ ਵਾਲ੠ਲà©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à© ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨²à© ਢੰਠਨਾਲ à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨¬ ਦà©à¨£ ਦ੠ਸਮਰੱਥਾ ਨਾਲ ਸਮà¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾à¥¤ à¨à©à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¼à©à¨ ਲ ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤, à¨à¨¿à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਮਰਨ ਵਾਲਿà¨à¨ ਦ੠ਵਿਸà©à¨°à¨¾ ਦਾ à¨à©à¨¨-ਲਾਲ ਰੰਠਵ੠ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹà©, ਨ੠à¨à¨¹ ਵ੠à¨à¨¿à©°à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਪà©à¨¦à¨¾ à¨à©à¨¤à©à¨à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਧà©à©°à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਹਾà¨à¨¡à©à¨°à©à¨à¨¨ ਸਾà¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨à¨¡ ਮà©à¨à©à¨¦ ਸà©à¥¤</p>
<h4 class="sub_head">ਪà©à¨¦à© ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¿à¨¹à©à© à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°à©à¨²à© ਤੱਤ ਹਨ?</h4>
<p>ਦ੠ਤà©à¨° &#8216;ਤ੠<i>ਹਿੰਦà©</i> 2 ਦਸੰਬਰ ਨà©à©° ਰਿਪà©à¨°à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨, &#8220;ਸਰà¨à¨¾à¨° ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ 2010 ਵਿੱਠà¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨ à¨à©±à¨ ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਤà©à¨ ਪਤਾ ਲੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿&#8230; ਫà©à¨à¨à¨°à© ਦ੠ਠਹਾਤ੠ਵਿੱਠਲà¨à¨à¨ 1.1 ਮਿਲà©à¨ ਨ à¨à¨¨ ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¤ ਮਿੱà¨à©, à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨¨ ਪਾਰਾ ਠਤ੠ਲà¨à¨à¨ 150 à¨à¨¨ à¨à©à¨®à©à¨à¨¤ ਡੰਪ ਸà©&#8221; &#8211; 340 ਮà©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¨ ਤà©à¨ à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨µà¨¾ ਸà©à¨µà¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲà¨.</p>
<p>2001 ਵਿੱà¨, <i>à¨à©°à¨à¨°à¨¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨² à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨² à¨à¨« à¨à¨à©à¨ªà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨² à¨à¨à¨¡ à¨à¨¨à¨µà¨¾à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨®à©à¨à¨à¨² ਹà©à¨²à¨¥</i><a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1179/107735201800339696">à¨à©±à¨ ਸੰਪਾਦà¨à© ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾</a> à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨°à© à¨à©°à¨¦à¨° ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾, ਫਿਰ à¨à©à¨²à©à¨«à©à¨°à¨¨à©à¨ ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© ਸà©à¨¨ ਫਰਾà¨à¨¸à¨¿à¨¸à¨à© ਦ੠ਸà¨à©à¨² à¨à¨«à¨¼ ਮà©à¨¡à©à¨¸à¨¨ ਵਿੱà¨à¥¤ à¨à©±à¨¥à©, ਡਾ: à¨à©°à¨¦à¨° ਨ੠1999 ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à© à¨à©±à¨ à¨à©à¨°à©à¨¨à¨ªà©à¨¸ ਰਿਪà©à¨°à¨ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ, à¨à¨¿à©±à¨¥à©, à¨à¨¸à© ਸਾਲ ਮਠਵਿੱਠਸਾà¨à¨ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à¨à©±à¨ à© à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨ ਨਮà©à¨¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਦ੠à¨à¨§à¨¾à¨° &#8216;ਤà©, ਡਾ: à¨à©°à¨¦à¨° ਨ੠ਲਿà¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à©à¨°à©à¨¨à¨ªà©à¨¸ ਨ੠ਪਾਰਾ, à¨à©à¨°à©à¨®à©à¨ ਮ, ਤਾà¨à¨¬à¨¾, ਨਿà¨à¨² ਠਤ੠ਲà©à¨¡ ਦ੠ਮà©à¨à©à¨¦à¨à© ਲੱà¨à© ਸà©à¥¤ ਰਿਪà©à¨°à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨ ਸà©à¥¤</p>
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<p>2004 ਵਿੱà¨, ਸà©à¨ªà¨°à©à¨® à¨à©à¨°à¨ ਨ੠ਮੱਧ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼ ਨà©à©° ਪਲਾà¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨²à©-ਦà©à¨à¨²à© ਦ੠14 à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਪà©à¨£ ਵਾਲ੠ਪਾਣ੠ਦ੠ਸਪਲਾਠà¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦਾ ਹà©à¨à¨® ਦਿੱਤਾ; 2013 ਤੱਠà¨à¨¹ ਠà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¸ 22 à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨ ਤੱਠਫà©à¨² à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©à¥¤</p>
<p>2017 ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à©±à¨ NGO ਦ੠ਪà¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨¬ ਵਿੱà¨, ਠਦਾਲਤ ਨ੠à¨à©°à¨¡à©à¨ ਨ à¨à©°à¨¸à¨à©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ à¨à¨«à¨¼ à¨à©à¨à¨¸à©à¨à©à¨²à©à¨à© ਰਿਸਰਠ(IITR) ਨà©à©° 20 ਹà©à¨° à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਪਾਣ੠ਦ੠ਨਮà©à¨¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼ ਦਿੱਤਾ। 2018 ਵਿੱà¨, IITR ਨ੠ਨਾà¨à¨à©à¨°à©à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨²à©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨¡ ਮਿਸ਼ਰਣਾਠਠਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਧਾਤਾਠਦ੠à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¼à¨¤ ਤà©à¨ ਵੱਧ ਮਾਤਰਾ ਦ੠ਰਿਪà©à¨°à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à©à¥¤ ਠਦਾਲਤ ਨ੠ਫਿਰ ਮੱਧ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼ ਨà©à©° à¨à©à©±à¨² 42 à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨ ਤੱਠà¨à¨ªà¨£à© à¨à¨²-ਸਪਲਾਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਵਿਸਤਾਰ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦਾ ਹà©à¨à¨® ਦਿੱਤਾ।</p>
<p>à¨à¨¦à©à¨ ਤà©à¨, ਠਨà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨° <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa20/7817/2024/en/">à¨à¨®à¨¨à©à¨¸à¨à© à¨à©°à¨à¨°à¨¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨²</a>à¨à¨¸à© NGO ਠਤ੠ਹà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠29 ਹà©à¨° à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਲà¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨¾à¨° à¨à©à¨µà¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਪà¨à¨¾à¨£ à¨à©à¨¤à© ਹ੠ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¸à¨¨à©à©° ਪਲਾà¨à¨ ਤà©à¨ ਠà¨à© ਵ੠ਫà©à¨² ਰਹ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਦ੠ਸਬà©à¨¤ ਵà¨à©à¨ ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨ ਹà©à¥¤</p>
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<p>à¨à©à¨°à©à¨®à©à¨ ਮ, ਤਾà¨à¨¬à¨¾, ਲà©à¨¡, ਪਾਰਾ ਠਤ੠ਨਿà¨à¨² ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਧਾਤਾਠਵà¨à©à¨ ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨£à©à¨¬à©±à¨§ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨£à¨¤à¨¾ ਹ੠<a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4144270/">à¨à©±à¨à©-à¨à©±à¨ 5x</a> ਪਾਣ੠ਦਾ. à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¾à¨£à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ ਪਾਰਾ ਨਰਮ à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨®à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਹ੠à¨à© ਠਤ੠à¨à¨® ਸà©à¨²à©à¨²à¨° ਫੰà¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਰà©à¨ à¨à© à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨¾à©à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ªà¨£ ਵਿੱਠਵ੠ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਸਾਰ੠ਠੰà¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨ ਪਹà©à©°à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤</p>
<p>à¨à©°à¨à¨°à¨¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨² à¨à¨à©°à¨¸à© ਫਾਰ ਰਿਸਰਠà¨à¨¨ à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨° (IARC) ਨ੠à¨à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾ ਹ੠<a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://publications.iarc.fr/_publications/media/download/5129/1c380e28ce1ec3a717aaf6332c089d721762804b.pdf">&#8220;à¨à¨¾à¨«à¨¼à© ਸਬà©à¨¤&#8221;</a> à¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨°à¨¸à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਮਿਸ਼ਰਣ ਬਲà©à¨¡à¨° ਠਤ੠ਫà©à¨«à©à¨¿à¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨° ਦਾ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ ਬਣ ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ; ਹà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨µà©à¨²à©à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨°à©à¨®à©à¨ ਮ ਫà©à¨«à©à¨¿à¨à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨° ਦਾ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ ਬਣਦਾ ਹà©; ਠਤ੠ਨਿੱà¨à¨² ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠ਮਿਸ਼ਰਣ ਫà©à¨«à©à¨¿à¨à¨, ਨੱà¨, ਨੱਠਦ੠à¨à©à¨² ਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨² ਸਾà¨à¨¨à¨¸ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨° ਦਾ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ ਬਣਦ੠ਹਨ।</p>
<p>à¨à©±à¨ ਦ੠ਠਨà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨° <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article/34/1/1/498748">2002 ਪà©à¨ªà¨°</a> à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨² ਵਿੱਠ<i>à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨¸à©à¨® ਠਤ੠ਰà©à¨</i>“à¨à©à¨°à©à¨®à©à¨ ਮ à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨¼à¨°à©à¨°à© ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨à¨¿à¨ ਤੱਤ ਹ੠à¨à© ਮਨà©à©±à¨à© ਸਰà©à¨° ਨà©à©° ਸ਼ੱà¨à¨°, ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨°à¨¬à© ਦ੠ਵਰਤà©à¨ ਲਠà¨à¨¨à¨¸à©à¨²à¨¿à¨¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¿à¨°à¨¿à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¤à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¹à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਲà©à©à©à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤ &#8230;ਪਰ à¨à©±à¨ à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨°à©à¨®à©à¨ ਮ ਦ੠ਲੰਬ੠ਸਮà©à¨ ਦ੠ਸੰਪਰਠਵਿੱਠà¨à¨ ਸਾà¨à¨à©à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨¿à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨¨à©à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਹ੠ਸà¨à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ à¨à© ਸਰà©à¨° ਦ੠à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਸਿਸà¨à¨® ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ।</p>
<p>ਲà©à¨¡ <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4427717/">ਦ੠ਸਮਰੱਥ ਹà©</a> à¨à¨²à©à¨°à©à¨«à¨¿à¨² ਨà©à©° ਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨ ਪਹà©à©°à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠ਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼ ਸੰਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਵਿੱਠਵਿà¨à¨¨ ਪਾà¨à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠ਠਤ੠ਸà©à©±à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਢਾà¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¤ ਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨ ਪਹà©à©°à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨¨à¨µà¨°à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨°à¨à¨¾ ਪà©à¨¦à¨¾ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦ੠ਸਮਰੱਥਾ ਵਿੱਠਰà©à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨ ਪਾà¨à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠ਨਾਲ, inorganic ਮਿਸ਼ਰਣ ਤੱਠਲà©à¨¡ <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://publications.iarc.fr/_publications/media/download/3795/3bd750c699c77431d0db7b28b0123fa12c901a38.pdf">ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਹà©</a> ਪà©à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨° ਨਾਲ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨ ਹੱਦ ਤੱਠਫà©à¨«à©à¨¿à¨à¨, à¨à©à¨°à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨ ਠਤ੠ਦਿਮਾਠਦ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨° ਨਾਲ।</p>
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<p>ਵਿੱਠ<a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Carbon-Tetrachloride">PubChem ਡਾà¨à¨¾à¨¬à©à¨¸</a> ਯà©à¨à¨¸ ਨà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨² à¨à©°à¨¸à¨à©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ à¨à¨«à¨¼ ਹà©à¨²à¨¥ ਵਿà¨à©, à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¬à¨¨ à¨à©à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨²à©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨¡, à¨à¨°à¨«à¨¼ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¬à¨¨ à¨à©à¨, ਨà©à©° &#8220;à¨à©°à¨à©à¨° à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°&#8221; ਠਤ੠&#8220;ਸਿਹਤ ਲਠà¨à¨¼à¨¤à¨°à¨¾&#8221; ਵà¨à©à¨ ਸ਼à©à¨°à©à¨£à©à¨¬à©±à¨§ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¹ à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨° ਪà©à¨¦à¨¾ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਸਮà©à¨¤ à¨à¨¿à¨à¨° ਨà©à©° ਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨ ਪਹà©à©°à¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਦ੠ਸਮਰੱਥਾ ਲਠਬਦਨਾਮ ਹà©à¥¤ ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¬à¨¨ ਡਾà¨à¨à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨à¨¡ ਦ੠ਸੰਪਰਠਦਾ à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨® ਰਸਤਾ ਦà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨®à©à¨à¨¤ ਪਾਣ੠ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à©±à¨à©-à¨à©±à¨ ਠਨà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨° <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/chemical/carbontet.htm#:~:text=What%20is%20carbon%20tetrachloride?,fire%20extinguishers%20made%20before%201970.">à¨à©±à¨ ਸਮà©à¨à¨¿à¨</a>1 ਮਿਲà©à¨²à©à¨à¨° à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¬à¨¨ à¨à©à¨ ਦਾ ਸà©à¨µà¨¨ ਧà©à©°à¨¦à¨²à© ਨà¨à¨¼à¨°, ਨਸਾਠਨà©à©° ਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨ ਠਤà©/à¨à¨¾à¨ ਠਨਿਯਮਿਤ ਦਿਲ ਦ੠ਧà©à¨à¨£ ਦਾ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ ਬਣ ਸà¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤</p>
<p>à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨à¨²à©à¨°à©à¨¬à©à¨à¨à¨¼à©à¨¨ ਤਿੰਨ ਰਸਾà¨à¨£à¨ ਰà©à¨ª à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨à¨¸à©à¨®à¨° ਲ੠ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ, ਪਰ à¨à¨¹ ਸਾਰ੠ਠਸਥਿਰ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹਨ ਠਤ੠ਹਵਾ ਰਾਹà©à¨ à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨à© ਨਾਲ ਫà©à¨²à¨¦à© ਹਨ, ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¼à¨®à©à¨¨à© ਪਾਣ੠ਠਤ੠ਸਤà©à¨¹à¨¾ ਦ੠ਪਾਣà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à©à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਵ੠ਪਾਠà¨à¨ ਹਨ। à¨à¨¹ ਮਿਸ਼ਰਣ ਸਰà©à¨° ਦ੠à¨à¨°à¨¬à© ਵਾਲ੠à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨à©±à¨ ੠ਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹਨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©±à¨ à¨à¨¾à©à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ªà¨£ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¿à¨à¨° ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨°à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨ ਪਹà©à©°à¨à¨¾ ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ।</p>
<p>ਠੰਤ ਵਿੱà¨, ਸਥਾਠà¨à©à¨µà¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨ (ਪà©à¨à¨ªà©) à¨à©à¨µà¨¿à¨ ਮਿਸ਼ਰਣਾਠਨà©à©° ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ à¨à© à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨à© ਨਾਲ ਸà©à¨¦à© ਨਹà©à¨ ਹਨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¸ ਤਰà©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਵਿੱਠਦਾà¨à¨² ਹà©à¨£ ਤà©à¨ ਬਾਠਦ à¨à¨ ਸਾਲਾਠਤੱਠਬਣ੠ਰਹਿੰਦ੠ਹਨ। POPs &#8216;ਤ੠ਸà¨à¨¾à¨à¨¹à©à¨® à¨à¨¨à¨µà©à¨¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਦ੠ਠਨà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨°, à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠ&#8220;à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨°, à¨à¨²à¨°à¨à© ਠਤ੠ਸੰਵà©à¨¦à¨¨à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾, à¨à©à¨à¨¦à¨°à© ਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨°à©à¨«à¨¿à¨°à¨² ਨਰਵਸ ਸਿਸà¨à¨® ਨà©à©° ਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨, ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¨à¨¨ ਸੰਬੰਧ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨° ਠਤ੠à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਸਿਸà¨à¨® ਵਿੱਠਵਿà¨à¨¨&#8221; ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ।</p>
<p>à¨à©à¨ POP ਵ੠à¨à©à©à© ਹà©à¨ ਹਨ <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018306810">ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸ ਸੰਬੰਧ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨°</a> ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨° ਦ੠ਮਾà©à© ਨਤà©à¨à© <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2468202020300097">à¨à¨¿à¨à¨°</a>, <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412022005426">à¨à¨¾à¨¤à©à¨à¨</a>, <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/51/2/479/6321178">ਪਾà¨à¨</a>ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¹ <a rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41388-023-02788-2">ਪà©à¨°à©à¨¸à¨à©à¨ à¨à©à¨°à©°à¨¥à©</a>,</p>
<p><i>ਨà©à¨: à¨à¨¸ ਲà©à¨ ਵਿੱਠਵਰਣਿਤ à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°à©à¨²à© ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨®à©à¨¦ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨ à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾ &#8216;ਤ੠ਵ੠ਹà©à¨£ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨°à©°à¨à© ਨਹà©à¨ ਦਿੱਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©, à¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¼à¨¹à¨¿à¨°à©à¨²à© ਵਿਠà¨à¨¤à© ਦ੠à¨à¨¨à¨¸à©°à¨à¨¿à¨, ਸਰà©à¨°à¨, ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨¨à©à¨à¨¿à¨ ਵਿਸ਼à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ &#8216;ਤ੠ਵ੠ਨਿਰà¨à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤</i></p>
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