<h2 class="sub-title" style="font-family: 'Merriweather', serif; font-weight: bold;">à¨à¨¹ ਦੱਸ à¨à© à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨à¨à©à¨¬à¨¾à¨¡à©à¨à¨¼ ਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à© ਸਰà©à¨° ਨà©à©° ਲਾਠਤà©à¨ ਬà¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਲਠਮਿਲ à¨à© à¨à©°à¨® à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à©à¨²à©à¨¸ ਬà©à¨°à¨¡à©à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨§à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨®à¨¯à©à¨¨à©à¨²à©à¨à© ਦ੠ਨà©à¨à¨¹ ਰੱà¨à©, à¨à©à¨¤ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਬਿਮਾਰà©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਨਿਦਾਨ ਨà©à©° ਬਦਲਦ੠ਹà©à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਸਦ੠ਤà©à¨ ਵੱਧ ਸਮà©à¨ ਲਠà¨à©à¨à¨¾ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਰà©à¨ª ਦਿੱਤਾ।</h2>
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<p>1915 ਤà©à¨ 1918 ਤੱਠਫਿà¨à¨¼à©à¨à¨²à©à¨à© à¨à¨¾à¨ ਮà©à¨¡à©à¨¸à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠਨà©à¨¬à¨² ਪà©à¨°à¨¸à¨à¨¾à¨° ਨਹà©à¨ ਦਿੱਤਾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©à¥¤ ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿ ਨà©à¨¬à¨² ਫਾà¨à¨à¨¡à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਨ੠ਪਹਿਲ੠ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਯà©à©±à¨§ ਦà©à¨°à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨ªà¨£à¨¾ à¨à©°à¨® à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਰੱà¨à¨¿à¨, ਸੰà¨à¨°à¨¸à¨¼ ਨ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨ ਸੰà¨à¨¾à¨°, ਠੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼à¨à¨°à© ਸਹਿਯà©à¨, ਠਤ੠ਨਾਮà¨à¨¼à¨¦à¨à©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਮà©à¨²à¨¾à¨à¨à¨£ ਵਿੱਠਬà©à¨°à© ਤਰà©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¨ ਪਾà¨à¨à¥¤ ਨà©à¨¬à¨² ਫਾà¨à¨à¨¡à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¨à©à©°à¨¨ ਦ੠ਤਹਿਤ, à¨à©à¨à¨° à¨à©à¨ à¨à©à¨ ਲà©à©à©à¨à¨¦à© ਮਾਪਦੰਡਾਠਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨¾ ਨਹà©à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹ੠à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨° ਠਸਧਾਰਨ ਹਾਲਾਤ ਸਹ੠ਮà©à¨²à¨¾à¨à¨à¨£ ਨà©à©° ਰà©à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ ਤਾਠà¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨® ਰਾà¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਰà©à¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¾ ਸà¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤</p>
<p>à¨à¨¦à©à¨ 1919 ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨® ਵਾਪਸ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਸà©, ਤਾਠà¨à¨¸à¨¨à© ਬà©à¨²à¨à©à¨ ਨ ਬà©à¨à¨à©à¨°à©à¨à¨²à©à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨®à¨¯à©à¨¨à©à¨²à©à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨ à¨à©à¨²à©à¨¸ ਬà©à¨°à¨¡à©à¨ ਨà©à©° &#8220;à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨à¨¿à¨à© ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਤ à¨à¨¸à¨¦à©à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨&#8221; ਲਠਸਨਮਾਨਿਤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾à¥¤ à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© à¨à©à¨ ਨ੠à¨à©à¨²à¨¾à¨¸à¨¾ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¿ ਸਰà©à¨° ਦ੠ਰੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à© ਬਿਮਾਰ੠ਪà©à¨¦à¨¾ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲ੠ਰà©à¨à¨¾à¨£à©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਪà¨à¨¾à¨£ ਠਤ੠ਨਸ਼ਠà¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨਾਲ à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਸਿਸà¨à¨® ਦ੠ਸਠਤà©à¨ ਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨¨ ਵਿਧà©à¨à¨ ਵਿੱà¨à©à¨ à¨à©±à¨ ਦ੠ਪਹਿਲ੠ਸਪੱਸ਼ਠਵਿà¨à¨à¨¿à¨ ਮਿਲਦ੠ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¸à¨¦à©à¨à¨ à¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨§à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨®à¨¯à©à¨¨à©à¨²à©à¨à© ਦ੠ਬà©à¨¨à¨¿à¨à¨¦ ਬਣ à¨à¨à¨à¨ ਠਤ੠ਠੱਠਵ੠ਵà©à¨à¨¸à©à¨¨ ਦ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸, à¨à©à¨¤ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਬਿਮਾਰà©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਨਿਦਾਨ, ਠਤ੠à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨° ਦ੠à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਰੱà¨à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ।</p>
<p>ਵà©à¨¹à¨µà©à¨ ਸਦ੠ਦ੠ਠੰਤ ਵਿੱà¨, à¨à©à¨¤ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਬਿਮਾਰà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਤਪਦਿà¨, ਡਿਪਥà©à¨°à©à¨, ਹà©à¨à¨¼à¨¾, à¨à¨¾à¨à¨«à¨¾à¨à¨¡ ਬà©à¨à¨¾à¨°, ਠਤ੠ਪਲà©à¨ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਵਿੱਠਮà©à¨¤ ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨®à©à©±à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱà¨à©à¨ à¨à©±à¨ ਰਹà©à¥¤ ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à©à¨à¨ ਨ੠à¨à¨¹ ਸਥਾਪਿਤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ ਬà©à¨à¨à©à¨°à©à¨ ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਸਾਰà©à¨à¨ ਬਿਮਾਰà©à¨à¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ ਬਣਦ੠ਹਨ, ਸਰà©à¨° ਦ੠à¨à¨ªà¨£à© ਰੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à© ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਹੱਦ ਤੱਠਰਹੱਸਮਠਰਹਿੰਦ੠ਹà©à¥¤ ਡਾà¨à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠ਦà©à¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à©à¨ ਲà©à¨ ਲਾਠਤà©à¨ ਠà©à¨ ਹà©à¨£ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਵà©à¨à¨¸à©à¨¨ ਲà©à¨£ ਤà©à¨ ਬਾਠਦ ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à©à¨°à©à¨§à¨ ਬਣ à¨à¨ ਸਨ, ਪਰ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¹ ਨਹà©à¨ ਸਮਠਸà¨à© à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à©°à¨® à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹ੠à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨¨ à¨à©à¨ ਬà©à¨à¨à©à¨°à©à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨਸ਼ਠà¨à¨° ਸà¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤</p>
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<p>										ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨ à¨à©à¨à¨à¨¼: à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਸਿਸà¨à¨® &#8216;ਤà©</p></div>
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<h4 class="sub_head">ਠਰੰਠਦਾ à¨à©à¨µà¨¨</h4>
<p>à¨à©à¨²à©à¨¸ à¨à©à¨¨ ਬà©à¨ªà¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨ ਵਿਨਸà©à¨à¨ ਬà©à¨°à¨¡à©à¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨¨à¨® 13 à¨à©à¨¨, 1870 ਨà©à©° ਸà©à¨à¨¨à©à¨à¨¼, ਬà©à¨²à¨à©à¨ ਮ ਵਿੱਠਹà©à¨à¨ ਸà©à¥¤ à¨à¨¸à¨¨à© ਬà©à¨°à¨¸à©à¨²à¨à¨¼ ਦ੠ਫà©à¨°à© ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© ਵਿੱਠਦਵਾਠਦ੠ਪà©à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à©, 1892 ਵਿੱਠà¨à©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ à¨à©à¨¤à©, à¨à©±à¨ à¨à©à¨ ਫà©à¨²à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨ª ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ªà¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à© à¨à¨¸à¨¨à©à©° 1894 ਵਿੱਠਪà©à¨°à¨¿à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠਪਾਸà¨à¨° à¨à©°à¨¸à¨à©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਲ੠à¨à¨à¥¤</p>
<p>à¨à©±à¨¥à©, ਬà©à¨°à¨¡à©à¨ ਨ੠ਮਾà¨à¨à¨°à©à¨¬à¨¾à¨à¨à¨²à©à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨ à¨à¨²à© ਮà©à¨à¨¨à©à¨à©à¨« ਦ੠ਠਧà©à¨¨ à¨à©°à¨® à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾, à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¨à©à©° ਬਾਠਦ ਵਿੱਠਫà©à¨à©à¨¸à¨¾à¨à¨à©à¨¸à¨¿à¨¸ &#8211; à¨à©à¨ à¨à¨¿à©±à¨à© ਰà¨à¨¤à¨¾à¨£à©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਸà©à¨à¨® à¨à©à¨µà¨¾à¨£à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨°à¨¨ ਦ੠ਯà©à¨à¨¤à¨¾ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à¨ªà¨£à© à¨à©°à¨® ਲਠਨà©à¨¬à¨² ਪà©à¨°à¨¸à¨à¨¾à¨° ਮਿਲਿà¨à¥¤ à¨à¨¸ ਸਮà©à¨, à¨à¨®à¨¯à©à¨¨à©à¨²à©à¨à© ਦਵਾਠਵਿੱਠਸਠਤà©à¨ ਨਵà©à¨ ਵਿਸ਼ਿà¨à¨ ਵਿੱà¨à©à¨ à¨à©±à¨ ਸà©, ਠਤ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨à© à¨à¨¸ à¨à©±à¨² &#8216;ਤ੠ਵੰਡ੠à¨à¨ ਸਨ à¨à¨¿ ਸਰà©à¨° à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ ਲਾà¨à¨¾à¨ ਨਾਲ ਲà©à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©à¥¤ à¨à©à¨ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਾਸ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਸਨ à¨à¨¿ ਵਿਸ਼à©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਸà©à©±à¨² ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਲਠà¨à¨¼à¨¿à©°à¨®à©à¨µà¨¾à¨° ਸਨ, à¨à¨¦à©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਦà©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨ੠ਦਲà©à¨² ਦਿੱਤ੠à¨à¨¿ à¨à©à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à©à©°à¨®à¨£ ਵਾਲ੠ਪਦਾਰਥ à¨à©à¨à¨¦à¨°à© à¨à©à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¾ ਨਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ।</p>
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<p>										à¨à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¨ ਸਿਸà¨à¨® ਨà©à©° à¨à©°à¨à¨°à©à¨² ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ ਰੱà¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©? | ਸਮà¨à¨¾à¨à¨</p></div>
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ਜੂਲੇਸ ਬੋਰਡੇਟ ਦੀ ਨੋਬਲ ਜੇਤੂ ਖੋਜ ਜਿਸ ਨੇ ਪ੍ਰਤੀਰੋਧਕਤਾ ਦੀ ਸਮਝ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲ ਦਿੱਤਾ
