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<p><span class="drop-caps">F</span>à¨à¨¾à¨ ਲੰਬ੠ਸਮà©à¨ ਤà©à¨, ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਨà©à©° ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨®à¨°à© à¨à©à¨à¨¾ ਵà¨à©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਨਾਲ ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨ ਹà©. ਪਰ ਸਮਾਠਬਦਲ ਰਿਹਾ ਹà©, ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¸ ਲਠਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਵਿਠਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਦਾ à¨à¨¦à©à¨¸à¨¼ ਹà©. ਠੱà¨, ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਨà©à©° ਸਿਰਫ à¨à©±à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à¨¿à¨à¨¾ ਤà©à¨ ਵੱਧ ਦਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨£à¨¾ ਹà©; à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨ ਸ਼à¨à¨¤à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨²à© à¨à©à¨µà¨¨ ਹà©à¨¨à¨° ਹà©, ਮਾਨਸਿਠà¨à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਲਠà¨à¨ ਸਾਧਨ ਹà©, ਠਤ੠ਵਿਸ਼ਿà¨à¨ ਵਿਠਸਿੱà¨à¨£ ਦਾ à¨à¨ ਤਰà©à¨à¨¾ ਹà©. à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à© ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ ਦਬਾਠਠਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨ à¨à©à¨£à©à¨¤à©à¨à¨ ਦਾ ਸਾਹਮਣਾ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ à¨à©à¨ ਡà©à©°à¨à© à¨à©à¨®à¨¤à© à¨à©à¨à¨¼ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©: ਸ਼ਾà¨à¨¤, ਸਿਰà¨à¨£à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਠਤ੠ਸੰਬੰਧ. à¨à¨¹ ਦà©à¨¬à¨¾à¨°à¨¾ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਠਠà¨à¨¿à¨ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿ ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਸà¨à©à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਵਿਠਨਾ ਸਿਰਫ ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, ਪਰ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਮà©à©±à¨ ਧਾਰਾ ਦ੠ਵਿਦਿਠਠਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à©à¨à¨ ਵਿਠਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©.</p>
<h4 class="sub_head">à¨à©à¨µà¨¨ ਦ੠ਹà©à¨¨à¨° ਦਾ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ à¨à¨°à©</h4>
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<p>ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਦ੠ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਨà©à©° ਬà¨à¨ªà¨¨ ਸ਼à©à¨°à© à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¼à¨¤à¨® ਨਹà©à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨¹à©à¨¦à¨¾, ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¦à©à¨ ਬੱà¨à© à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾, ਮà©à¨à¨° à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨²à¨¤à¨¾ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨°à©à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਦਾ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸ à¨à¨° ਰਹ੠ਹਨ, à¨à¨¹ ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ à¨à¨²à¨¦à© ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ ਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨¨ ਹà©. à¨à¨¹ ਨੰਬਰ ਸਿੱà¨à¨£ ਲਠਤਾਲਾਠਦ੠ਵਰਤà©à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨, ਠਤ੠ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਦ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸ ਲਠਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਸਹਾà¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਦਾ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¨ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. ਪਰ ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨° ਠਤ੠ਬਾਲà¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਵਿਠਵ੠ਹà©. à¨à¨¾à¨²à¨ ਵਿà¨, ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਦ੠ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤à¨ à¨à¨ à©à¨°à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨ ਸਿਰà¨à¨£à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨ ਬਰà©à¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¨ ਬਣ ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹ੠ਠਤ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨ªà¨£à© ਨਾਲ à¨à©à©à¨¨ ਵਿਠਸਹਾà¨à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨° ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹà©, à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¾à¨² à¨à¨°à©, ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¹ ਸ਼ਬਦ à¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨¹à¨° à¨à¨°à© à¨à© ਸ਼ਬਦ ਪà©à¨°à© ਤਰà©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਨਹà©à¨ ਫ੠ਸà¨à¨¦à©. ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à© ਦ੠à¨à©à¨µà¨¨ ਵਿੱਠਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਸਮà©à¨¤ ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਦ੠ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨ ਸਧਾਰਨ ਹ੠ਸà¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, à¨à¨¿à¨¸ ਨਾਲ ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©-ਦਰà¨à¨¾à¨¬à©°à¨¦à© ਵਾਲ੠ਬà©à¨à¨¡ ਬਣਾਠਬà©à¨à¨¡ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਲà©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਯਾਦ ਰੱà¨à¨£à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਯਾਦ ਰੱà¨à©</p>
<p>ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਨà©à©° ਰà©à¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨¨à¨¾ ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਬਣਾà¨à¨£ ਲà¨, ਸਾਨà©à©° ਠਧਿà¨à¨ªà¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¼à¨°à©à¨°à¨¤ ਹ੠à¨à© à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠ਫà©à¨²à©-à¨à©à¨à¨°à¨¿à©°à¨ ਯà©à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਨà©à©° ਸਮà¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ. ਵੱà¨à© ਵੱà¨à¨°à© à¨à©à¨¤à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਵਿà¨à¨à¨¾à¨° à¨à©à¨¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ à¨à©à¨à¨£ ਲਠà¨à©°à¨à¨°à¨¸à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¸à©à¨ªà¨²à©à¨ ਰਰ੠ਠਧਿà¨à¨ªà¨ ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਦ੠ਵਰਤà©à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ ਤੰਦ à¨à¨£à¨¿à¨¤ ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਹà©, à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¿à©°à¨¨à© à¨à¨¾à¨£à© à¨à¨¤à¨¿à¨¹à¨¾à¨¸à¨ ਠੰਦà©à¨²à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ. à¨à¨¹ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ ਮਨà©à¨µà¨¿à¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨, ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨¨ à¨à©±à¨¥à©à¨ ਤਠà¨à¨¿ ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਲਿà¨à¨à¨£ ਲਠਸਹਿਯà©à¨ à¨à¨° ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ. à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¹à¨°à¨£ ਦ੠ਲà¨, ਮà©à¨µà¨¿à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨ª à¨à©à¨°à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਸਮà©à¨¹ à¨à¨¤à©à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾ ਦਾ ਪਤਾ ਲà¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਲਠਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਦ੠ਵਰਤà©à¨ à¨à©à¨¤à© à¨à¨¾ ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹ੠à¨à¨¾à¨ ਠਧਿà¨à¨ªà¨ ਸਿà¨à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¨à¨¾à¨¤à¨®à¨ ਠਲà©à¨à¨² ਦਾ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਵਰਤ੠à¨à¨¾ ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹà©. ਠà¨à¨¿à¨¹à© ਠਧਿà¨à¨ªà¨ ਸਿਰਫ ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤ ਨਹà©à¨ ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à©; à¨à¨¹ ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¾à¨£à¨¨ ਲਠਮਾਰਠਦਰਸ਼ਠà¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨²à© ਦà©à¨à¨²à© ਦ੠ਦà©à¨¨à©à¨à¨ ਨਾਲ à¨à©±à¨²à¨¬à¨¾à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. </p>
<h4 class="sub_head">à¨à©±à¨ ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ ਵਿੱà¨</h4>
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