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<div id="content-body-69943957" class="articlebodycontent col-xl-9 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12">
<div class="schemaDiv" id="schemaDiv" itemprop="articleBody">
<p><span class="drop-caps">à¨à¨¾à¨¹</span>à¨à¨¹ ਵਪਾਰਠਫà©à¨¸à¨²à© ਲà©à¨£ ਦ੠ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¾ ਲਠਲਾà¨à¨¼à¨®à© ਹà©. ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿, ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਸਾਰ੠à¨à¨®à¨¬à©à¨ ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©°à¨® ਵਾਲ੠ਥਾਠਤ੠à¨à¨¼à¨°à©à¨°à© ਹà©à¨¨à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਹà©à¨¨à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਵਿà¨à¨à¨¾à¨° ਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨£ ਠੰਤਰ ਹà©. à¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨à¨¿ ਸੰà¨à¨ ਨ ਰà©à¨ªà¨¿à¨¡ ਡà©à¨à¨¾ ਸੰà¨à¨¾à¨²à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¸ &#8216;ਤ੠ਨਿਰà¨à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ à¨à©à¨°à¨¸ ਦ੠à¨à©à¨°à¨¸ ਲਠà¨à©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨ ਪà©à¨¦à¨¾ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠà¨à©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨ ਲà¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨£à© à¨à¨¾à¨¹à©à¨¦à© ਹਨ.</p>
<h4 class="sub_head">à¨à¨¿à©°à¨¤à¨¾ ਦਾ à¨à©à¨¤à¨°</h4>
<p>ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਸਾਰ੠ਮà©à¨à©à¨¦à¨¾ ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ à¨à©à¨°à¨¸ ਮ੠basic ਲ੠ਯੰਤਰਾਠà¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨à¨¸à¨²à¨à¨¼ ਠਤ੠ਰਵਾà¨à¨¤à© ਠੰà¨à©à© .à©°à¨à¨¾à¨ ਤ੠à¨à¨¼à©à¨° ਦਿੰਦ੠ਹਨ. à¨à¨¦à©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨ à¨à¨¼à¨°à©à¨°à© ਠਧਾਰ ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à¨¹ ਡਿà¨à©à¨² ਡà©à¨à¨¾à¨¸à©à¨à¨¸ ਨà©à©° ਸੰà¨à¨¾à¨²à¨£ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਸà¨à©à¨²à©à¨¬à¨² ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਹੱਲ ਵਿà¨à¨¸à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਵੱਡ੠ਪੱਧਰ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à©±à¨ ਹਨ. à¨à¨à¨¸à¨² ਸà©à¨®à¨¾ &#8216;ਤ੠ਨਿਰà¨à¨° ਨਿਰà¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾ ਵਧà©à¨°à© ਬਹà©à¨ªà©±à¨à© ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¾à¨®à¨¿à©°à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਪਾà¨à¨¥à¨¾à¨¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨° ਦਾ ਮਿà¨à¨° ਬਣ à¨à¨ ਹਨ.</p>
<p>à¨à¨¸ ਤà©à¨ à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨µà¨¾, à¨à¨¸à¨à¨¿ QL à¨à¨² ਸਿà¨à¨²à¨¾à¨ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¦à©à¨°à¨¤ à¨à¨°à© ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਵਿà¨à¨²à¨ªà¨ ਡਾà¨à¨¾à¨¬à©à¨¸ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à©à¨à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¨à¨à¨à¨¸à¨à¨¿ QL à¨à¨² ਠਤ੠ਮà©à¨à¨à¨¡à¨¬ ਦ੠ਵੱਧ ਰਹà©à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਲà©à©à©à¨à¨¦à© ਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਵੱਲ ਲ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. à¨à¨à¨° ਰਹ੠à¨à©à¨¤à¨°à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਸਾà¨à¨¬à¨° ਸà©à¨«à¨à© ਫੰਡਾਮà©à¨à¨à¨¸ ਠਤ੠ਵੱਠਵੱਠਡà©à¨à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਦà©à¨° ਨਾਲ ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à¨¾à¨ ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨® ਵਿਠਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©.</p>
<p>à¨à¨ ਹà©à¨° à¨à©à¨¤à¨° ਲਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਦ੠ਲà©à© ਹ੠à¨à© à¨à¨¿ ਵਿਹਾਰਠਹà©à¨¨à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸ ਦ੠ਸਰਬà©à¨¤à¨® ਹà©. ਡà©à¨à¨¾ ਦ੠ਨਾਲ à¨à¨¹à¨¾à¨£à©, ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਵਪਾਰਠਸà©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਠਨà©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਯà©à¨ ਵਪਾਰਠਸà©à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਠਨà©à¨µà¨¾à¨¦ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਦ੠ਯà©à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਦà©à¨° ਨਾਲ ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©, à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¸à¨¼à©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©. à¨à¨¸à© ਤਰà©à¨¹à¨¾à¨, ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨ ਮà©à¨¨à©à¨à¨®à©à¨à¨ ਹà©à¨¨à¨°à¨¾à¨, ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਦ੠ਪਹਿਲà¨à¨¾à¨²à©à¨¨ ਵੰਡਣ ਲਠà¨à¨¼à¨°à©à¨°à© ਹà©, ਠà¨à¨¸à¨° ਹਾਸ਼à©à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨°à¨¹à¨¾à¨à¨¼à¨° ਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹਨ.</p>
<p>ਠੱਠà¨à©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਵਪਾਰਠਸਮà¨à¨£ ਠਤ੠ਠਨà©à¨à©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾ ਦ੠ਨਾਲ ਤà¨à¨¨à©à¨à© à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨²à¨¤à¨¾ ਨà©à©° à¨à©à©à¨¨ ਦ੠à¨à¨¼à¨°à©à¨°à¨¤ ਹà©. ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਦ੠ਠੰਦਰ ਮà©à¨¹à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਦ੠ਵ੠ਵੱਧ ਰਹ੠ਹà©, à¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨¸à¨à¨° à¨à¨¾à¨¸ à¨à¨¾à¨°à©à¨¬à¨¾à¨°à© à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਮਾਰà¨à©à¨à¨¿à©°à¨ ਠਤ੠ਮਨà©à©±à¨à© ਸਰà©à¨¤. </p>
<h4 class="sub_head">ਸਿਫਾਰਸ਼ਾà¨</h4>
<p><b>ਸਰà¨à©à¨«à¨¿à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨-ਠਧਾਰਤ ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨:</b> ਸਰà¨à©à¨«à¨¿à¨à©à¨ à¨à©à¨°à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਨਾਲ ਮà©à©± ext ਲ੠à¨à¨à¨¸à¨² ਸਿà¨à¨²à¨¾à¨ ਬਦਲ੠ਸਰà¨à©à¨«à¨¿à¨à©à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨µà©à¨¸à©, ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਠਤ੠ਸਿਮà©à¨²à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ à¨à¨ªà¨à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਮਾਨਤਾ ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ªà¨¤ ਵਿਵਹਾਰਠà¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨²à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦਾ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾.</p>
<p><b>ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à¨°à¨¾à¨®à¨¿à©°à¨ ਠਤ੠ਵਿà¨à¨¼à©à¨ ਲਾà¨à¨à¨¼à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨:</b> ਪਾà¨à¨¥à¨¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨° ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾, à¨à© à¨à¨¿ ਵਿà¨à¨¼à©à¨ ਲਾà¨à¨à¨¼à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ à¨à©à¨² à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à© ਦ੠ਸਾਧਨਾਠà¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à© ਦ੠ਸਾਧਨਾਠà¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਵਿà¨à¨¼à©à¨ ਲਾà¨à¨à¨¼à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ à¨à©à¨² à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਸੰà¨à©à¨ª à¨à©°à¨à¨°à¨µà¨¿ s ਨਾਲ à¨à©à¨°à¨¸ ਦ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨ ਠਨà©à¨¸à¨¾à¨°. Cooks ਨਲਾà¨à¨¨ à¨à©à¨°à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠ਸਵà©-ਠਧਿà¨à¨¨ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਤà©à¨¬à¨°à¨¤à¨¾ ਸਿੱà¨à¨£ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¤à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¹à¨¤ à¨à¨°à©.</p>
<p><b>à¨à¨§à©à¨¨à¨¿à¨ ਡਾà¨à¨¾à¨¬à©à¨¸ à¨à©à¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨²à©à¨à©à¨à¨¼:</b> ਪà©à¨°à¨¦à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ à¨à¨¿ ing ਨਿੰਠਠਤ੠ਵਿà¨à¨²à¨ªà¨ ਡਾà¨à¨¾à¨¬à©à¨¸ ਪà©à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨²à©à¨à¨ ਤ੠ਧਿà¨à¨¨ à¨à©à¨à¨¦à©à¨°à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਸਮà©à¨ ਰਵਾà¨à¨¤à© à¨à¨¸à¨à¨¿ QL à¨à¨² à¨à©°à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨. à¨à©à¨à¨¨à©à¨²à©à¨à©à¨à¨² ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨¸ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਰੱà¨à¨£ ਲਠਸਵà©-à¨à¨¿à¨¤à¨¾à¨¬ ਸਿੱà¨à¨£ ਲà¨.</p>
<p><b>ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ ਮਹਾਰਤ:</b> ਮਾਰà¨à©à¨à¨¿à©°à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨à¨à¨° ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਵਿਹਾਰਠਪà©à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨µà¨° à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਬਦਲਣਾ ਠਤ੠ਦà©à¨¬à¨¾à¨°à¨¾ ਮà©à¨²à¨¾à¨à¨à¨£ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ ਠਤ੠ਦà©à¨¬à¨¾à¨°à¨¾ ਮà©à¨²à¨¾à¨à¨à¨£ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ ਠਤ੠ਮà©à© ਤਿà¨à¨° à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾.</p>
<p><b>ਸਾà¨à¨¬à¨° ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਫੰਡਮà©à¨à¨à¨²:</b> à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨°à¨¿à¨ ਰà©à¨à©à¨²à©à¨à¨°à© ਸਮੱà¨à¨°à© ਨà©à©° ਨà©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਡà©à¨à¨¾ ਹà©à¨à¨¡à¨²à¨¿à©°à¨ ਠਤ੠ਸਾà¨à¨¬à¨° ਸà©à¨°à©±à¨à¨¿à¨ ਤ੠ਠਮà©à¨°à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à© ਮà©à¨¡à© ules ਲ ਨਾਲ ਬਦਲà©.</p>
<p><b>à¨à¨à¨¸à¨à©à¨à¨¡à¨¡ ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਡà©à¨®à©à¨¨:</b> ਵà©à¨à¨¸ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¿à©±à¨¤à¨° ਵਰà¨à© ਵਿà¨à¨¿à©°à¨¨ ਡà©à¨à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨®à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¿à¨µà©à¨ à¨à¨¿ ਵਿà¨à¨¿à©°à¨¨ ਡà©à¨à¨¾ à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠà¨à©à¨°à¨¸ ਨà©à©° ਵਿà¨à¨ªà¨ ਬਣਾà¨.</p>
<p><b>à¨à¨¹à¨¾à¨£à© ਸà©à¨£à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨¨ &#8216;ਤ੠ਮ੠liminary ਲ੠à¨à¨¼à©à¨°:</b> ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à¨à©à¨à¨² à¨à¨ªà¨²à©à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਮà¨à¨¼à¨¬à©à¨¤ ​​à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਪਹਿਲ੠à¨à¨¹à¨¾à¨£à© ਦੱਸਣਾ ਠਤ੠ਡਾà¨à¨¾-ਸੰà¨à¨¾à¨²à¨¿à¨¤ ਫà©à¨¸à¨²à© ਲà©à¨£ ਵਾਲ੠à¨à©à¨°à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਲਠà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨à¨à©à¨°à¨®. ਪà©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਵਿਸ਼ਲà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨£ ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨à©à¨à¨à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਲà©à¨¡à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨ª ਸਮਰੱਥਾ ਨà©à©° ਵਿà¨à¨¸à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਲਠਮà©à©±à¨ à¨à©à¨°à¨¸ à¨à¨°à©.</p>
<p><b>ਸਥਿਰਤਾ ਠਤ੠ਸੰà¨à¨¾à¨°:</b> ਫਤਵਾ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ, ਸਮਾਠਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¸à¨¨ (à¨à¨à¨¸à¨à©) ਸਿੱà¨à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠ਵਧਣ ਦ੠ਮਹੱਤਵ ਨà©à©° ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©. ਡਾà¨à¨¾-ਸੰà¨à¨¾à¨²à¨¿à¨¤ ਫà©à¨¸à¨²à© ਲà©à¨£ ਠਤ੠ਡਿà¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨à¨¨ à¨à¨°à¨¨ &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¦à©à¨°à¨¤ ਸਧਾਰਣ ਸੰà¨à¨¾à¨° ਮà©à¨¡à© ules ਲ ਬਦਲà©.</p>
<p><b>ਸà©à¨à¨¾à¨°à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨à© ਹà©à¨¨à¨°:</b> à¨à¨¾à¨²à© ਮਾਮਲਿà¨à¨ ਵਿੱਠਵਿà¨à¨ªà¨ ਸà©à¨§-ਵà¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨°à© ਦà©à¨°à¨¾à¨¨ ਮà©à¨¡à© ules ਲ, ਸਮà©à¨¹ ਵਿà¨à¨¾à¨° ਵà¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨°à© ਠਤ੠ਲà©à¨¡à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨ª &#8216;ਤ੠ਠਧਾਰਤ ਹਨ.</p>
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