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<p><span class="drop-caps">I</span>n ਠੱਠਦਾ à¨à¨¿à¨à¨¨-ਠà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¸ ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ, ਬà©à¨§à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¦ (à¨à¨à¨ªà©) ਨà©à©° ਨà¨à¨¼à¨° ਠੰਦਾà¨à¨¼ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¾ ਸà¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à©à¨à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨ ਸੰਸਥਾ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਮਾਨਤਾ, ਰਿਸਰਠਪਬਲà©à¨à©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨, ਫੰਡਿੰਠਦ੠ਨਤà©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨, ਫੰਡਿੰਠਮà©à¨à¨¿à¨à¨ ਠਤ੠ਸਮà©à©±à¨à© ਪà©à¨°à¨¤à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à¨¤ ਲਠà¨à©à¨à¨¦à¨°à© ਬਣ à¨à¨ ਹਨ. ਨà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨² ਸੰਸਥਾà¨à¨² ਰà©à¨à¨à¨¿à©°à¨ ਫਰà©à¨®à¨µà¨°à¨ (à¨à¨¨à¨à¨à¨à¨°à¨à¨«) ਦ੠ਰà©à¨ª ਰà©à¨à¨¾ ਦ੠ਰà©à¨ª ਰà©à¨à¨¾ ਨà©à©° ਸਪਸ਼ਠਤà©à¨° ਤ੠ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਵਿਦਵਾਨਾਠਦ੠ਯà©à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ ਨà©à©° ਵਧਾà¨à¨£ ਲਠਠੱà¨à© ਵਧਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©. à¨à¨¦à©à¨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¸ à¨à¨¼à©à¨° ਨ੠à¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨¤à©à¨µà¨¿à¨§à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਠਨà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¸à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠਪà©à¨°à©à¨°à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ ਹà©, à¨à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠਠਣà¨à¨¾à¨£à© ਵਿੱਠਵ੠ਠਣà¨à¨¾à¨£à© ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦਬਾਠਨà©à©° à¨à¨¤à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¹à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à© à¨à¨ ਵਾਰ ਸ਼à©à¨°à¨à¨à¨, ਸਮà¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ ਠਤ੠ਠਨà©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਠà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¤à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¹à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. à¨à¨¹ à¨à¨¸ ਸੰਦਰਠਵਿੱਠਹ੠à¨à¨¿ ਵਿਦਿਠਠਨà©à©° ਤà©à¨°à©°à¨¤ IP ਦ੠ਮà©à©±à¨¦à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©°à¨à©à¨°à¨¤à¨¾ ਨਾਲ ਲà©à¨£ ਦ੠ਮਹੱਤਤਾ ਦ੠ਪà¨à¨¾à¨£ à¨à¨°à¨¨à© à¨à¨¾à¨¹à©à¨¦à© ਹà©.</p>
<p>à¨à¨à¨ªà© à¨à¨¾à¨¨à©à©°à¨¨ ਵਿਠà¨à¨¤à©à¨à¨ ਠਤ੠ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਠਦà©à¨à¨ ਠਸਲ੠ਰà¨à¨¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਰਾà¨à© ਲਠਮà©à¨à©à¨¦ ਹਨ, à¨à© à¨à¨¿ ਸà©à¨¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à¨à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਾਲà©, à¨à¨²à¨¾à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨, à¨à©à¨à¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠à¨à©à¨à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©°à¨® &#8216;ਤ੠à¨à¨°à©à¨¡à¨¿à¨ ਠਤ੠ਨਿਯੰਤਰਣ ਪà©à¨°à¨¾à¨ªà¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ. ਵਿਦਿਠਠਲà¨, à¨à¨à¨ªà© à¨à¨ªà¨£à© ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨µà¨° ਪà¨à¨¾à¨£ ਨਾਲ ਨà©à©à¨¿à¨à¨ à¨à©à©à¨¿à¨ ਹà©à¨à¨ ਹà©. à¨à©±à¨ à¨à©à¨ ਪੱਤਰ, ਪà©à¨à©à¨à¨ à¨à¨¾ in à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à©±à¨¥à©à¨ ਤੱਠà¨à¨¿ à¨à©±à¨ ਵਿਲੱà¨à¨£ ਡà©à¨à¨¾à¨¸à©à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨£ ਦਾ ਤਰà©à¨à¨¾ ਬà©à¨§à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¦ ਦਾ à¨à©±à¨ ਰà©à¨ª ਹ੠à¨à© ਵਿਦਿਠਠਠਤ੠à¨à¨°à¨¥à¨¿à¨ ਮà©à©±à¨² ਦà©à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਦਰਸਾà¨à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. ਨà©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਤà©à¨° ਤ੠ਪà©à¨°à¨¬à©°à¨§à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à©à¨¤à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, à¨à¨à¨ªà© à¨à¨ ਵਿਦਵਾਨ ਦ੠ਵੱà¨à¨¾à¨° ਵਿੱਠਯà©à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ ਪਾà¨à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©, ਸਹਿਯà©à¨ ਲਠਰਾਹ à¨à©à¨²à©à¨¹à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, ਠਤ੠ਪà©à¨¸à© à¨à¨¾à¨ ਵਪਾਰਠਰà©à¨à© ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨°à¨¸à¨¼à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©.</p>
<p>ਹਾਲਾà¨à¨à¨¿, ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਠਤ੠ਪà¨à¨¾à¨£à¨¨ ਦ੠ਦà©à© ਵਿੱਠIP ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਤ à¨à¨²à©°à¨à¨£à¨¾ ਦà©à¨à¨ à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¹à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨ ਵਿੱਠਵਾਧਾ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à© ਹà©. à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¼à¨²à¨¤ à¨à©°à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਲਠà¨à¨¼à¨²à¨¤ à¨à¨ªà¨¬à©°à¨§à¨¾à¨, à¨à¨¿à©±à¨¤à¨°à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ ਡà©à¨à¨¾ ਠਤ੠ਠਣ-ਠਧਿà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਤà©à¨° &#8216;ਤ੠ਠਣਠਧਿà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¤ ਵਰਤà©à¨ ਵਰà¨à© ਹà©à¨° ਵਧà©à¨ ਰà©à¨ªà¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਸ਼ਾਮਲ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ ਹà©. ਠà¨à¨¿à¨¹à©à¨à¨ à¨à¨²à©°à¨à¨£à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨਾ ਸਿਰਫ à¨à¨¾à¨¨à©à©°à¨¨à© ਸੰà¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ, ਬਲà¨à¨¿ ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਠਦ੠à¨à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° ਵ੠ਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨ ਪਹà©à©°à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ. IP ਦ੠ਦà©à¨°à¨µà¨°à¨¤à©à¨ &#8211; à¨à¨¹ ਲਿà¨à¨¤à© à¨à©°à¨®, ਤਸਵà©à¨°, ਸੰà¨à©à¨¤, à¨à¨¾à¨ ਡà©à¨à¨¾ ਨà©à©° ਸੱਦਾ ਦ੠ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹ੠&#8211; à¨à©à¨¸à¨¾à¨, ਵੱà¨à¨¾à¨° ਨà©à©° ਨà©à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨¨ ਬà©à¨²à¨¾à¨à¨£à¨¾, ਪà©à¨¸à¨¼à©à¨µà¨° ਠਸਫਲਤਾਵਾਠਵੱਲ ਲ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©.</p>
<h4 class="sub_head">ਵੱਧ ਰਹ੠à¨à¨¿à©°à¨¤à¨¾</h4>
<p>ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਸਠਤà©à¨ à¨à¨® à¨à¨à¨ªà© ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਸਮੱਸਿਠਸਾਹਿਤਠà¨à©à¨°à© ਹà©. ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਸਾਰ੠security ਨਲਾà¨à¨¨ ਪਦਾਰਥਠਸਰà©à¨¤à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਮਿà¨à¨¦ ਪà©à¨°à© ਹà©à¨£ ਨਾਲ, à¨à¨¹ ਸਮੱà¨à¨°à© ਦ੠ਨà¨à¨² à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਨਾਲà©à¨ &#8211; à¨à¨¾à¨£ ਬà©à©±à¨ à¨à© à¨à¨¾à¨ ਠਣà¨à¨¾à¨£à© ਤà©à¨ ਬਿਨਾਠà¨à¨¿à¨¸à© ਵ੠ਵਾà¨à¨¬ ਹà©à¨£ ਨਾਲà©à¨ à¨à¨¹ ਵਧà©à¨°à© ਸਰਲ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿à¨ ਹà©. à¨à©±à¨¥à©à¨ ਤੱਠà¨à¨¿ à¨à¨® ਸਾੱਫà¨à¨µà©à¨ ਰ ਤà©à¨ ਸਮੱà¨à¨°à© ਵ੠ਸਾਹਿਤਠà¨à©à¨°à© ਲਠà¨à¨®à¨¿ .ਨ ਨਹà©à¨ ਹà©à©°à¨¦à©. ਸਾਹਿਤਠà¨à©à¨°à© ਦ੠à¨à©à¨ ਸਿਰਫ ਸਮੱਸਿਠਦ੠ਹਿੱਸ੠ਤ੠ਹà©. ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਠਨà©à©° à¨à©±à¨ ਸà¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨¾à¨° ਤ੠ਧਿà¨à¨¨ à¨à©à¨à¨¦à¨°à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨¹à©à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠à¨à¨¿à©±à¨¥à© ਮà©à¨²à¨¤à¨¾ ਮਹੱਤਵ ਦਿੱਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਹ੠ਠਤ੠ਨà©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਲਿà¨à¨¤ à¨à©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਤà©à¨ ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਹà©.</p>
<p>ਲà©à¨à¨ ਦਾ ਵਿਵਾਦ ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ ਦà©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨¾à¨° ਦਾ à¨à¨ ਹà©à¨° ਰà©à¨ª ਹ੠à¨à© ਬà©à¨§à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à¨¾à¨à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©. ਬਹà©à¨¤ ਸਾਰ੠ਮਾਮਲਿà¨à¨ ਵਿੱà¨, ਫà©à¨à¨²à¨à© ਮà©à¨à¨¬à¨° ਬਿਨਾਠਯà©à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¨ ਦ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨¨à©à¨ ਰ à¨à©à¨à¨à¨°à¨¤à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਦ੠à¨à©°à¨® ਨà©à©° ਸ਼ਾਮਲ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨¼à©à¨° ਦਿੰਦ੠ਹਨ. à¨à¨¸à¨¦à© à¨à¨²à¨, ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à© à¨à¨¾à¨ à¨à©à¨ ਸਹਾà¨à¨ à¨à¨ ਵਾਰ ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨ ਦà©à¨à¨°à¨¾ ਤਿà¨à¨ ਦਿੱਤ੠à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ, à¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¦à© ਲਠà¨à¨¹à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਨ੠ਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨¨ ਨਿਵà©à¨¸à¨¼ à¨à©à¨¤à© ਹà©. à¨à¨¹ ਨਾ ਸਿਰਫ ਠà¨à¨¾à¨¦à¨®à¨¿à¨ ਰਿà¨à¨¾à¨°à¨¡ ਨà©à©° ਵਿà¨à¨¾à©à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, ਬਲà¨à¨¿ ਰਿਸਰਠà¨à©à¨®à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਠੰਦਰ ਠਵਿਸ਼ਵਾਸ ਠਤ੠ਨਾਰਾà¨à¨¼à¨à© ਵ੠ਵਧਾà¨à¨à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©.</p>
<h4 class="sub_head">ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਠਦ੠à¨à©à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¾</h4>
<p>ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਠà¨à¨à¨ªà© à¨à¨¾à¨à¨°à©à¨à¨¤à¨¾ ਠਤ੠ਨà©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ à¨à©à¨ ਠà¨à¨¿à¨à¨¸à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¤à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¹à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਿੱਠਮਹੱਤਵਪà©à¨°à¨£ à¨à©à¨®à¨¿à¨à¨¾ ਠਦਾ à¨à¨°à¨¦à©à¨à¨ ਹਨ. ਯà©à¨¨à©à¨µà¨°à¨¸à¨¿à¨à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à©à¨°à¨¸ ਵਿੱਠà¨à¨ ਪ੠ਸਿà¨à¨¿à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨à©à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨¹à©à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©, à¨à¨¼à¨¾à¨¸à¨à¨° ਪà©à¨¸à¨ à¨à©à¨°à©à¨à©à¨à¨ ਠਤ੠ਡਾà¨à¨à©à¨°à¨² ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਲà¨. à¨à¨¾à¨ªà©à¨°à¨¾à¨à¨, ਪà©à¨à©à¨à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨à©à¨°à¨¿à¨à¨µà¨¾à¨, ਸਾਹਿਤਠà¨à©à¨°à©à¨¸à¨¿à¨ ਨ à¨à¨ªà¨à¨°à¨£à¨¾à¨ ਠਤ੠ਲà©à¨à¨ ਦ੠ਨà©à¨¤à¨¿à¨ ਪà©à¨°à¨à¨¾à¨µà¨¾à¨ ਨਾਲ ਵਰà¨à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨ªà¨¾à¨, ਸà©à¨®à©à¨¨à¨¾à¨° ਠਤ੠ਰà©à¨à¨¾à¨¨ ਸà©à¨¸à¨¼à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਨà©à©° ਨਿਯਮਤ ਰà©à¨ª ਵਿੱਠਰੱà¨à¨£à¨¾ à¨à¨¾à¨¹à©à¨¦à¨¾ ਹà©.</p>
<p>ਫà©à¨à¨²à¨à© ਮà©à¨à¨¬à¨° à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¹à¨°à¨£ ਵà¨à©à¨ ਠà¨à¨µà¨¾à¨ à¨à¨° ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ ਠਤ੠à¨à¨¹ ਸà©à¨¨à¨¿à¨¸à¨¼à¨à¨¿à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¦à© ਹਨ à¨à¨¿ à¨à¨¨à©à¨¹à¨¾à¨ ਦਾ à¨à¨ªà¨£à¨¾ à¨à©°à¨® IP à¨à¨¾à¨¨à©à©°à¨¨à¨¾à¨ ਦ੠ਪਾਲਣਾ à¨à¨°à¨¦à¨¾ ਹ੠ਠਤ੠ਵਿਦਿà¨à¨°à¨¥à©à¨à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¼à¨¿à©°à¨®à©à¨µà¨¾à¨° à¨à¨¾à¨²-à¨à¨²à¨£ ਬਾਰ੠ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹà©. ਠਸਲ ਸà©à¨ ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¤à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¹à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨à¨¾, ਸਹ੠ਹਵਾਲਿà¨à¨ ਦà©à¨à¨ ਤà¨à¨¨à©à¨à¨¾à¨ ਸਿà¨à¨¾à¨à¨£à¨¾, ਠਤ੠ਸ਼à©à¨°à¨à¨à¨à¨¸ ਦ੠ਸਰà¨à¨°à¨®à© ਨਾਲ ਨਿਰਾਸ਼ਾà¨à¨¨à¨ ਤà©à¨° &#8216;ਤ੠ਨਿਰਾਸ਼ਾà¨à¨¨à¨ ਬà©à¨§à¨¿à¨ à¨à¨¾à¨à¨¦à¨¾à¨¦ ਦ੠ਸà¨à¨¿à¨à¨à¨¾à¨° ਨà©à©° à¨à¨¤à¨¸à¨¼à¨¾à¨¹à¨¤ à¨à¨°à¨¨ ਵਿਠਬਹà©à¨¤ ਲੰਮਾ ਪà©à¨à¨¡à¨¾ à¨à¨° ਸà¨à¨¦à© ਹਨ.</p>
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